Higher testosterone is associated with open-angle glaucoma in women: a genetic predisposition?

Table 3 Baseline characteristics of postmenopausal women, stratified by incident open-angle glaucoma during follow-up

	Postmenopausal women
	No iOAG (N = 3981)	iOAG (N = 93)	P-value
Age, years	63.6 (7.4)	65.9 (7.1)	0.003*
IOP, mmHg	14.1 (2.9)	16.1 (3.9)	< 0.001*
Peripapillary RNFL, μm^a	80.4 (15.6)	58.9 (36.9)	< 0.001*
Peripapillary GCL + , μm^a	40.9 (9.5)	29.6 (22.1)	0.03*
Macular RNFL, μm^a	32.2 (7.8)	19.8 (22.4)	0.13
Macular GCL + , μm^a	69.6 (9.2)	54.8 (22.5)	0.009*
BMI, kg/m²	27.1 (4.3)	26.3 (3.7)	0.08
Follow-up time, years	10.3 (5.5)	10.8 (5.5)	0.40
Current smoker, N (%)	765 (19.2)	21 (22.6)	0.73
Physical activity, MET hours/week	0.2 (0.9)	0.3 (0.9)	0.23
Energy intake, kcal/day	1903.5 (502.3)	1791.1 (413.2)	0.05*
Hypertension, N (%)	2152 (54.1)	46 (49.5)	0.42
Diabetes mellitus, N (%)	630 (15.8)	20 (21.5)	0.15
Cholesterol, mmol/L	6.4 (1.2)	6.5 (1.3)	0.31
Total testosterone, nmol/L	0.9 (0.6)	1.1 (0.8)	0.17
Bioavailable testosterone, nmol/L	0.3 (0.2)	0.3 (0.3)	0.25
Free testosterone, ng/dL	0.3 (0.2)	0.4 (0.3)	0.25
GRS total testosterone	10.0 (0.3)	10.0 (0.3)	0.50
GRS bioavailable testosterone	6.5 (0.2)	6.6 (0.2)	0.03*

Characteristics are presented as mean (standard deviation) unless stated otherwise. *P-value < 0.05; ^a Data only available for a small subset of participants and presented as median (interquartile range). iOAG incident open-angle glaucoma, N number, IOP intraocular pressure, RNFL retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL + ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer; BMI body mass index, MET metabolic equivalent of task, GRS genetic risk score

ISSN: 2042-6410