Fig. 8

Pathway Overrepresentation Analysis of Enriched RNA Transcripts in EV Samples and Cell Samples by Sex. A Dot plot depicting pathway overrepresentation for significantly altered genes (adjusted p < 0.05) enriched in EV samples derived from their parental female NSCs (female EV) relative to EV samples derived from parental male NSCs (male EV) using ReactomePA. The plot presents overrepresented pathways, ordered by gene ratio, the proportion of differentially expressed genes/transcripts within an ontology term. The size of each dot denotes number of genes/transcripts in a pathway that were contained within this dataset, while the color of each dot encodes the Benjamini and Hochberg-adjusted p-value for significance of pathway overrepresentation. n = 9 female EV samples, 9 male EV samples. B Graphical representation of the relationship between enriched pathways and their associated genes/transcripts in female EVs. Significantly altered genes (adjusted p < 0.05) were selected for this analysis. Pathways that reached a Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate-adjusted p-value criterion of < 0.05 were selected. The size of each filled central circle represents the number of transcripts in a pathway that were overexpressed in female EVs. The color of each dot associated with that pathway denotes the fold change for that transcript. C pathway overrepresentation in male EV samples relative to female EV samples. D Graphical representation of the relationship between enriched pathways and their associated genes/transcripts in male EVs