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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of male and female BDNF Val/Val carriers and Met carriers in the two experimental groups, mean (standard deviation)

From: Aerobic exercise improves executive functions in females, but not males, without the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism

BDNF genotype

Usual care plus education group

Aerobic training group

p value

Males

Females

Males

Females

Val/Val

Met

Val/Val

Met

Val/Val

Met

Val/Val

Met

Descriptive variables

 n

8

7

6

6

10

4

14

3

 

 Age, year

74.4 (9.9)

76.3 (8.7)

70.3 (4.3)

74.2 (4.9)

76.6 (9.0)

68.3 (8.1)

72.9 (6.9)

75.7 (7.2)

0.316

 Functional comorbidity index

4.1 (2.9)

3.3 (1.6)

3.8 (2.6)

4.0 (2.6)

3.6 (1.3)

1.5 (1.3)

3.5 (1.3)

3.0 (2.6)

0.804

 Waist to hip ratio

0.96 (0.03)

0.95 (0.04)

0.86 (0.08)

0.91 (0.08)

0.94 (0.07)

0.90 (0.05)

0.83 (0.06)

0.82 (0.10)

0.798

 Body Mass Index, kg/m2

26.8 (2.1)

27.3 (3.0)

27.4 (2.9)

24.7 (5.1)

26.7 (3.7)

25.8 (5.2)

24.6 (3.4)

25.5 (2.8)

0.223

 Weight (kg)

81.7 (7.0)

81.6 (9.4)

69.7 (7.6)

57.9 (13.0)

83.8 (10.5)

80.1 (13.5)

60.0 (8.9)

69.4 (10.2)

0.033

 Resting heart rate, bpm

71.3 (19.1)

62.7 (14.7)

73.0 (18.7)

75.3 (11.6)

67.2 (14.6)

63.0 (20.5)

67.6 (9.8)

70.3 (14.2)

0.820

 Short physical performance battery

10.3 (0.9)

10.3 (1.7)

10.7 (0.8)

11.2 (0.8)

10.9 (1.3)

12.0 (0.0)

10.5 (1.8)

11.7 (0.6)

0.791

 Timed Up-and-Go Test, sec

8.4 (1.9)

9.6 (4.1)

8.1 (1.3)

7.6 (1.5)

8.8 (1.9)

7.7 (1.3)

8.4 (2.3)

7.5 (1.8)

0.491

 Physical activity scale for the elderly

122.9 (62.4)

118.3 (59.9)

145.9 (40.9)

130.4 (59.1)

125.9 (110.9)

137.1 (22.6)

133.8 (65.2)

85.6 (26.8)

0.553

 6-Minute Walk Test, m

461.6 (96.3)

480.0 (105.9)

528.0 (79.7)

516.5 (109.9)

520.1 (87.7)

575.8 (92.0)

488.0 (87.9)

578.0 (98.1)

0.559

 Geriatric Depression Scale

2.9 (2.0)

2.4 (2.5)

1.67 (1.9)

1.67 (1.4)

2.2 (2.8)

1.0 (2.0)

2.3 (2.4)

2.0 (1.7)

0.860

Cognitive variables

 Mini-Mental State Examination

26.5 (2.9)

26.4 (2.9)

28.0 (1.4)

27.7 (1.6)

25.4 (3.0)

26.8 (1.7)

27.1 (2.7)

25.7 (3.1)

0.414

 Montreal Cognitive Assessment

23.0 (2.6)

22.1 (3.8)

23.2 (2.5)

22.7 (3.1)

21.1 (3.9)

22.5 (0.6)

20.6 (2.6)

19.7 (4.0)

0.447

 Trail Making Test B–A, sec

93.9 (117.9)

58.0 (18.0)

56.7 (38.3)

55.7 (27.9)

58.8 (65.8)

55.4 (15.6)

59.4 (31.1)

23.3 (6.9)

0.315

 Digit Symbol Substitution Test

23.4 (3.5)

24.1 (4.0)

29.5 (9.4)

23.5 (7.6)

20.8 (5.3)

25.3 (9.8)

28.4 (7.8)

29.3 (7.6)

0.689