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Table 3 Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) between insulin use in type 2 diabetes and dementia subtypes*

From: Sex-specific associations between diabetes and dementia: the role of age at onset of disease, insulin use and complications

 

All-cause dementia

Alzheimer's disease

Vascular dementia

 

Dementia events (n)

Events per 1000 person-years

Adjusted HR

(95% CI)*

Dementia events (n)

Events per 1000 person-years

Adjusted HR

(95% CI)*

Dementia events (n)

Events per 1000 person-years

Adjusted HR

(95% CI)*

People with no diabetes at all

2561

0.54

Reference

1918

0.40

Reference

817

0.17

Reference

All patients with type 2 diabetes

         

 With insulin

153

3.96

4.71 (3.91, 5.66)

82

2.11

3.64 (2.83, 4.68)

94

2.42

7.23 (5.67, 9.24)

 Without insulin

409

2.25

2.50 (2.21, 2.82)

240

1.32

2.12 (1.81, 2.48)

208

1.14

3.32 (2.78, 3.97)

 Ratio of HR (With/Without insulin)

  

1.54 (1.00, 2.37)

  

1.22 (0.67, 2.22)

  

1.92 (1.06, 3.48)

Female patients with type 2 diabetes

         

 With insulin

52

3.40

3.64 (2.60, 5.11)

34

2.22

3.75 (2.45, 5.73)

24

1.56

3.80 (2.33, 6.20)

 Without insulin

254

3.78

2.28 (1.86, 2.78)

134

1.99

2.44 (1.91, 3.10)

148

2.20

1.97 (1.41, 2.74)

 Ratio of HR (With/Without insulin)

  

1.84 (1.26, 2.68)

  

1.77 (1.11, 2.81)

  

2.19 (1.23, 3.88)

Male patients with type 2 diabetes

         

 With insulin

101

4.32

4.54 (3.52, 5.86)

48

2.05

3.30 (2.30, 4.72)

70

2.99

7.08 (5.09, 9.83)

 Without insulin

155

1.35

2.39 (2.05, 2.80)

106

0.92

1.86 (1.51, 2.30)

60

0.52

3.50 (2.82, 4.35)

 Ratio of HR (With/Without insulin)

  

1.73 (1.32, 2.26)

  

1.60 (1.09, 2.35)

  

1.91 (1.37, 2.65)

  1. * All HRs were adjusted for age at last follow-up, race/ethnicity, educational years, income level, physical activity level, leisure activities, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, hypertension, APOE4 allele status and HbA1c level