Fig. 1From: Interaction between gut microbiota and sex hormones and their relation to sexual dimorphism in metabolic diseasesInteraction between gut microbiota and sex hormones. Various factors, such as puberty, pregnancy, menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and gonadectomy, result in changes in sex hormone levels (testosterone and estradiol), which in turn lead to changes in the composition of the gut microbiotaBack to article page