Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study cohort at baseline

Age (years)

42 ± 12

42 ± 13

42 ± 12

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

23.22 ± 3.34

24.18 ± 3.25

22.09 ± 3.08

 < 0.001

SBP (mm Hg)

119 ± 16

123 ± 15

114 ± 16

 < 0.001

DBP (mm Hg)

74 ± 11

77 ± 11

71 ± 10

 < 0.001

PP (mm Hg)

44 ± 11

46 ± 12

43 ± 12

 < 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

4.91 ± 0.61

4.98 ± 0.63

4.84 ± 0.58

 < 0.001

Year of follow-up (years)

2.99 (2.16–3.95)

3.00 (2.16–3.95)

2.99 (2.16–3.95)

 < 0.001

Smoking status (%)

 < 0.001

 Current smoker

5.7

10.4

0.02

 Ever smoker

1.2

2.22

0.03

 Never smoker

21.5

21.2

21.9

 Not recorded

71.5

66.2

78.0

Alcohol consumption status (%)

 < 0.001

 Current drinker

0.6

1.14

0.03

 Ever drinker

4.3

7.28

0.58

 Never drinker

23.6

25.4

21.4

 Not recorded

71.5

66.2

78.0

Family history of diabetes (%)

 < 0.001

 No

97.9

98.6

97.2

 Yes

2.1

1.4

2.8