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Table 1 Anthropometric characteristics and biochemical parameters of the study population overall and in men and women

From: Sex and age differences in the association of fatty liver index-defined non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study

 

All

n = 33,216

Men

n = 19,370 (58.32%)

Women

n = 13,846 (41.68%)

p value*

Age (years)

41.32 (10.31)

42.23 (9.99)

40.05 (10.61)

< 0.001

Social class

0.079

 High

10,788 (32.5%)

6217 (32.1%)

4571 (33.0%)

 

 Low

22,428 (67.5%)

13,153 (67.9%)

9275 (67.0%)

Smoking status

< 0.001

 Never

18,413 (55.4%)

10,050 (51.9%)

8363 (60.4%)

 

 Former

5459 (16.4%)

3540 (18.3%)

1919 (13.9%)

 Current

9344 (28.1%)

5780 (29.8%)

3564 (25.7)

FLI

32.19 (26.61)

41.92 (26.28)

18.59 (20.39)

< 0.001

FLI categories

< 0.001

 < 30

18,939 (57.0%)

7979 (41.2%)

10,960 (79.2%)

 

 30–59

7923 (23.9%)

5986 (30.9%)

1937 (14.0%)

 ≥ 60

6345 (19.1%)

5397 (27.9%)

948 (6.8%)

BMI (kg/m2)

26.16 (4.82)

26.82 (4.30)

25.23 (5.33)

< 0.001

BMI categories

< 0.001

 Normal weight

14,849 (44.7%)

7101 (36.7%)

7748 (56.0%)

 

 Overweight

12,214 (36.8%)

8478 (43.8%)

3736 (27.0%)

 Obese

6153 (18.5%)

3791 (19.6%)

2362 (17.1%)

WC (cm)

83.72 (10.61)

89.30 (8.82)

75.91 (7.53)

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

121.41 (16.55)

125.99 (15.57)

114.99 (15.72)

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

74.50 (11.01)

76.60 (10.93)

71.58 (10.45)

< 0.001

BP categories

< 0.001

 Normal

20,630 (62.1%)

10,119 (52.2%)

10,511 (75.9%)

 

 Prehypertension

4697 (14.1%)

3441 (17.8%)

1256 (9.1%)

 Hypertension

7889 (23.8%)

5810 (30.0%)

2079 (15.0%)

FPG (mg/dL)

90.85 (19.27)

92.90 (20.36)

87.98 (17.24)

< 0.001

Diabetes categories

< 0.001

 Normal

27,015 (81.3%)

14,941 (77.1%)

12,074 (87.2%)

 

 Prediabetes

4270 (12.9%)

3036 (15.7%)

1234 (8.9%)

 Diabetes

1931 (5.8%)

1393 (7.2%)

538 (3.9%)

GGT (IU/L)

27.75 (28.42)

33.78 (33.02)

19.31 (17.02)

< 0.001

AST (IU/L)a

21.34 (11.57)

23.77 (12.78)

17.83 (8.41)

< 0.001

ALT (IU/L)b

25.43 (17.14)

30.05 (18.50)

18.96 (12.41)

< 0.001

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

195.70 (36.68)

197.54 (37.19)

193.14 (35.80)

< 0.001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

55.82 (11.24)

53.71 (10.47)

58.76 (11.61)

< 0.001

TG (mg/dL)

114.28 (73.90)

129.21 (84.54)

93.39 (48.55)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia

< 0.001

 No

27,396 (82.5%)

14,819 (76.5%)

12,577 (90.8%)

 

 Yes

5820 (17.5%)

4551 (23.5%)

1269 (9.2%)

Presence of MetS

4474 (13.5%)

3798 (19.6%)

676 (4.9%)

< 0.001

REGICOR

< 0.001

 Low risk

20,031 (60.3%)

11,878 (61.3%)

8153 (58.9%)

 

 Moderated risk

3808 (11.5%)

2702 (13.9%)

1106 (8.0%)

 High risk

381 (1.1%)

234 (1.3%)

138 (1.0%)

 Severe risk

52 (0.2%)

45 (0.2%)

7 (0.0)

  1. Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) and as count (percentage)
  2. FLI: fatty liver index; BMI: body mass index; BMI categories: normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BP: blood pressure; BP categories: normal BP (SBP < 130 and/or DBP < 85 mmHg), prehypertension (SBP 130 to 139 and/or DBP 85 to 89 mmHg), hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive treatment); FPG, fasting plasma glucose; diabetes categories: normal (FPG < 100), prediabetes (FPG 100 to 125), Diabetes (FPG > 125 and/or antidiabetic treatment); GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; dyslipidemia: no (TG < 150 and/or HDL < 40 mg/dL in men, < 46 mg/dL in women), yes (TG ≥ 150 and/or HDL ≥ 40 mg/dL in men, ≥ 46 mg/dL in women); MetS: metabolic syndrome according to the IDF; Framingham-REGICOR: low risk (< 5%), moderate risk (5–9.9%), high risk (10–14.9%), severe risk (> 15%)
  3. *p values for comparison between men and women, obtained by independent sample t-test for continuous variables or by Chi-square for categorical variables
  4. aAST available for n = 21,534 (men n = 12,728; women n = 8806)
  5. bALT available for n = 33,185 (men n = 19,355; women n = 13,830)
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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