Fig. 4

Co-expression network analysis identifies gene modules underlying pituitary transcriptome changes. Heatmap shows genes selected for co-expression analysis, separated into 9 modules. Column annotation bars indicate sample age and sex. Colors of the heatmap represent row-scaled and centered expression levels of each gene. A summary of the expression profiles of each module is shown in the left column of the right panel. The solid line represents the median expression (scaled and centered as shown in the heatmap) at each age and sex (red: female samples, blue: male samples) for all the genes in the corresponding module. Dash lines represent the scaled expression profiles of each gene in the module. Module names and number of genes included in the module are labeled. Top 10 hub genes (calculated based on genes’ connectivity within the modules) are listed for each module. All co-expressing module genes are listed in Additional file 8: Table S7. Cell types in which module genes are enriched in based on single-nuclei RNA-seq expression from [16] are shown on the right (see Additional file 1: Fig. S6C and Methods—Cell-type enrichment of co-expression module genes for details). One-sided hypergeometric test: * FDR < 0.05, ** FDR < 0.01, *** FDR < 0.001