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Fig. 3 | Biology of Sex Differences

Fig. 3

From: Sex differences in electrophysiological properties and voltage-gated ion channel expression in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus following repeated stress

Fig. 3

Males and females display differences in passive membrane properties in the pPVT at baseline and following restraint. A Schematic of resting membrane potential, a change in resting membrane potential during a hyperpolarizing current used to calculate input resistance, and membrane potential during action potential firing. B Females display a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential compared to males regardless of restraint. C input resistance is increased by 1 or 5 restraints in males, but not females, causing a sex effect with males displaying greater input resistance. Bars indicate mean ± SEM. Horizontal bars over each sex represent sex differences. For C, horizontal bars within the male group represent post-hoc differences. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. For B and C, male no restraint n = 38, male 1-day restraint n = 16, male 5-day restraint n = 21, female no restraint n = 24, female 1-day restraint n = 17, female 5-day restraint n = 17

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