Fig. 2

Males and females display differences in sEPSCs in the pPVT at baseline and following restraint. A Representative traces of sEPSCs in male and female pPVT neurons 24 h following no restraint, 1 day of restraint, or 5 days of restraint. B Amplitude of sEPSCs in the pPVT was reduced in non-restrained males compared non-restrained females. Restraint increased sEPSC amplitude in males, but not females. C sEPSC decay time was different between males and females as sex and interaction effects were observed. Post-hoc analysis revealed that sEPSC decay time in non-restrained males was significantly lower than all other groups. D No effects of sex or stress were observed on sEPSC frequency. Bars indicate mean ± SEM. For B, horizontal lines indicate groups significantly different from non-restrained males following post-hoc analysis. For C, horizontal lines indicate sex effect, asterisks indicate differences from other restraint groups within each sex. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001. For B–D, male no restraint n = 21, male 1-day restraint n = 17, male 5-day restraint n = 16, female no restraint n = 24, female 1-day restraint n = 17, female 5-day restraint n = 17