Fig. 5

Effects of maternal reduced uteroplacental perfusion (RUPP) on offspring pancreatic islets insulin immunohistochemistry (A) at the age of 2 months. Islet area (B), insulin-positive area per total islet area (C), and quantification of insulin reactivity by optical density per islet surface area (D). Male rats in the RUPP group exhibited lower insulin intensity than male rats in the sham group. Bars represent the mean ± SD for each group, n = 6. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons: **p < 0.01; (b) main effect of sex