Fig. 2

Effects of maternal reduced uteroplacental perfusion (RUPP) on offspring body mass growth (A) and visceral fat mass (B). Over 56 postnatal days, all pups gained weight. In both groups, males weighed more than females. The body mass of RUPP pups (both sexes) was significantly lower than their sex-matched peers in the sham group from birth until postnatal day 42. Male offspring of RUPP dams were heavier than male offspring of the sham group at postnatal days 49 and 56, but the effect was not a sex difference (group × sex interaction: p > 0.05). At postnatal day 60, male rats of the sham group showed a higher visceral fat mass than females, but in RUPP offspring, no difference was found by sex. Male offspring of the sham group had a higher visceral fat index than males of the RUPP group. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. (n = 6). The body mass data were analyzed by a repeated measure three-way ANOVA (time, sex, group) and Tukey’s post hoc test. *p < 0.05, RUPP males vs. Sham males and ^#p < 0.05, RUPP females vs. Sham females. The data of PND60 visceral fat mass index were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (sex and group) and Tukey’s post hoc test: ***p < 0.001; (a) main effect of time; (b) the main effect of sex