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Table 1 General characteristics of the participants globally and by sex

From: Association of physical activity with vascular aging in a population with intermediate cardiovascular risk, analysis by sex: MARK study

 

Global

(2475)

Men

(1524)

Women

(951)

p value

Mean or N

SD or (%)

Mean or N

SD or (%)

Mean or N

SD or (%)

 

Conventional risk factors

 Age, (years)

61.34

7.70

61.11

8.11

61.70

7.00

0.066

 SBP, (mmHg)

137.25

17.37

139.09

17.05

134.32

17.48

< 0.001

 DBP, (mmHg)

84.58

10.23

85.67

10.44

82.84

9.63

< 0.001

 BP, (mmHg)

52.66

14.16

53.40

14.19

51.47

14.04

0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

1795

(72.5)

1172

(76.9)

623

(65.5)

< 0.001

 Antihypertensive drugs, n (%)

1272

(51.4)

786

(50.4)

504

(53.0)

0.215

 Total cholesterol, (mg/dl)

225.53

41.07

220.39

38.92

233.77

43.05

< 0.001

 LDL cholesterol, (mg/dl)

139.88

34.97

138.34

34.26

142.32

35.96

0.006

 HDL cholesterol, (mg/dl)

49.81

13.03

47.89

11.96

52.90

14.04

< 0.001

 Triglycerides, (mg/dl)

146.21

96.48

150.99

105.90

138.59

78.63

0.001

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

1664

(67.2)

969

(63.6)

695

(73.2)

< 0.001

 Lipid-lowering drugs, n (%)

717

(29.0)

419

(27.5)

298

(31.3)

0.045

 FPG, (mg/dl)

107.98

34.83

107.76

33.90

108.35

36.29

0.683

 HbA1c, (in %)

6.12

1.18

6.06

1.12

6.21

1.26

0.002

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

842

(34.0)

493

(32.3)

349

(36.7)

0.029

 Hypoglycaemic drugs, n (%)

511

(20.6)

289

(19.0)

222

(23.3)

0.009

 Height, cm

164.56

9.27

169.69

6.78

156.34

6.36

< 0.001

 Weight, kg

79.41

14.67

83.81

13.52

72.36

13.67

< 0.001

 WC, (cm)

100.95

11.68

102.94

10.52

97.76

12.69

< 0.001

 BMI, (kg/m2)

29.26

4.52

29.06

3.95

29.59

5.28

0.004

 Obesity, n (%)

897

(26.2)

510

(33.5)

387

(40.7)

< 0.001

 Abdominal obesity, n (%)

1546

(62.8)

797

(52.6)

749

(79.3)

< 0.001

 Plasma creatine, (mg/dl)

0.85

0.23

0.94

0.24

0.71

0.13

< 0.001

 GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

87.47

14.21

86.79

14.87

88.56

13.02

0.003

 CVR, SCORE scale, (%)

3.55

2.73

4.48

2.93

2.05

1.40

< 0.001

Cardiovascular diseases

 Renal disease, n (%)

2

(0.1)

2

(0.1)

0

(0.0)

0.526

 Peripheral arteriopathy, n (%)

13

(0.5)

11

(0.7)

2

(0.2)

0.150

 Heart failure, n (%)

12

(0.5)

11

(0.7)

1

(0.1)

0.036

Lifestyles

 Years of smoker, (years)

31.66

12.82

31.95

12.78

30.74

12.92

0.113

 Smoker, n (%)

710

(28.7)

486

(31.9)

224

(23.7)

< 0.001

 Alcohol, (g/W)

71.87

116.74

102.01

132.71

23.58

58.86

< 0.001

 Risk consumption (n, %)

334

(13.5)

284

(18.6)

50

(5.3)

< 0.001

 MD, (total score)

5.18

1.73

5.09

1.78

5.32

1.63

0.002

 Adherence MD, n (%)

1295

(52.4)

781

(51.2)

514

(54.0)

0.186

 Total PA, (METs/m/W)

2462

2495

2864

2815

1817

1683

< 0.001

 High-intensity PA, (METs/m/W)

917

1661

1096

1913

629

1087

< 0.001

 Moderate-intensity PA, (METs/m/W)

811

1502

1012

1726

488

964

< 0.001

 Low-intensity PA, (METs/m/W)

734

1003

755

1047

700

927

0.182

 Sedentary, n (%)

2127

(85.9)

1269

(83.3)

858

(90.2)

< 0.001

Vascular function

 baPWV, (m/s)

14.87

2.63

14.82

2.65

14.93

2.60

0.313

 baPWV yes sedentary, (m/s)

14.89

2.64

14.86

2.67

15.06

2.61

0.598

 baPWV non sedentary MD, (m/s)

14.74

2.57

14.65

2.55

14.92

2.59

0.191

  1. Values are means ± standard deviations for continuous data and number and proportions for categorical data
  2. Risk alcohol consumption in women were ≥ 140 g/week and in men ≥ 210 g/week. Sedentary if the moderate physical activity performed is < 675 METs min/week or the intense physical activity < 420 METs min/week. Definition American Heart Association, 2007. Adherence MD ≥ 5
  3. N, number; SD, standard deviation; g/W, grams/week; PA, physical activity; METs/m/W, basal metabolic rate/min/week; MD, Mediterranean diet; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BP, pulse pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; CVR, cardiovascular risk; GFR, glomerular filtration; baPWV, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity
  4. p value: differences between men and women
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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