Fig. 6

Effect of EMPA on mRNA expression on regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipose depots in PCOS. Effect of EMPA on subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) mRNA expression of A Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), B PPARγ coactivator 1-α (PGC1α), and C Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1); retroperitoneal WAT mRNA expression of D PPARγ, E PGC1α, and F NRF1; and mesenteric WAT mRNA expression of G PPARγ, H PGC1α, and I NRF1 after 3 weeks of EMPA treatment. Expression was normalized by the geometric mean of three housekeeping genes (GMHK) and standardized to untreated control rats. Log2 values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc tests. Significant interactions were observed for PPARγ in both subcutaneous and mesenteric WATs. n = 6–8 per group