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Table 3 Sex differences identified in the plasma metabolome for AA and AC

From: Sex differences in the human metabolome

First author and year

De Paepe E. 2018 [66]

Jovè M. 2016 [68]

Lawton K. A. 2008 [55]

Rist M. J. 2017 [56]

Trabado S. 2017 [62]

Vignoli A. 2018 [63]

Andraos S. 2021 [64]

Metabolite

Adults

Children

AA and analogues

Alanine

      

M

F

Arginine

      

M

 

Asparagine

       

M

Aspartate

      

M

 

BCAA

M

  

M

M

M

M

M

Citrulline

      

M

M

Creatine

 

M

F

F

 

F

  

Creatinine

  

M

M

M

M

  

Cysteine

      

M

M

Glutamate

  

M

  

M

M

 

Glutamine

M

    

M

M

F

Glycine

F

  

F

  

F

F

Histidine

     

M

  

Homocysteine

 

M

      

Kynurenine

 

M

M

     

Lysine

 

F

      

Methionine

  

M

   

M

 

N-Acetyl-L-Methionine

M

       

Phenylalanine

  

M

  

M

M

M

OH-proline

 

M

    

M

F

Oxoproline

  

M

     

Proline

     

M

M

 

Sarcosine

   

F

    

Serine

      

F

F

Threonine

       

F

Tyrosine

M

    

M

M

 

Tryptophan

 

F

M

   

M

M

AC

C0

  

M

 

M

   

C3

    

M

   

C5

    

M

   
  1. M, higher levels of the metabolite identified in male individuals; F, higher levels of the metabolite identified in female individuals. Hereon, whereas not specified, the age of the individuals treated in the papers is referred to adults