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Table 2 Meal effect on appetite rating according sex and time

From: Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter?

 

Satiety (mm)

Hunger (mm)

Desire to eat (mm)

Fullness (mm)

Sexa

    

 Men

5.58

− 1.50

− 4.92

1.75

 

[− 11.32,22.48]

[− 15.34,12.34]

[− 19.22,9.39]

[− 16.59,20.09]

Timeb

    

 1 min

84.92***

− 64.42***

− 63.00***

75.50***

 

[75.42,94.41]

[− 73.81,− 55.02]

[− 72.31,− 53.69]

[65.11,85.89]

 30 min

79.83***

− 64.08***

− 65.17***

74.17***

 

[70.33,89.33]

[− 73.48,− 54.69]

[− 74.47,− 55.86]

[63.78,84.55]

 60 min

73.67***

− 59.92***

− 58.67***

70.92***

 

[64.17,83.17]

[− 69.31,− 50.52]

[− 67.97,− 49.36]

[60.53,81.30]

 90 min

71.58***

− 62.08***

− 58.58***

68.92***

 

[62.08,81.08]

[− 71.48,− 52.69]

[− 67.89,− 49.28]

[58.53,79.30]

 120 min

58.83***

− 51.42***

− 55.00***

59.25***

 

[49.33,68.33]

[− 60.81,− 42.02]

[− 64.31,− 45.69]

[48.86,69.64]

 150 min

58.17***

− 52.58***

− 54.33***

52.42***

 

[48.67,67.67]

[− 61.98,− 43.19]

[− 63.64,− 45.03]

[42.03,62.80]

 180 min

55.42***

− 51.42***

− 51.92***

51.75***

 

[45.92,64.92]

[− 60.81,− 42.02]

[− 61.22,− 42.61]

[41.36,62.14]

Sex*time interactionc

    

 Men*time (1 min)

− 9.58

3.92

3.00

− 5.25

 

[− 23.01,3.84]

[− 9.37,17.20]

[− 10.16,16.16]

[− 19.94,9.44]

 Men*time (30 min)

− 7.67

0.00

5.42

− 4.75

 

[− 21.10,5.77]

[− 13.29,13.29]

[− 7.74,18.58]

[− 19.44,9.94]

 Men*time (60 min)

− 11.50

− 4.00

− 2.00

− 8.58

 

[− 24.93,1.93]

[− 17.29,9.29]

[− 15.16,11.16]

[− 23.27,6.11]

 Men*time (90 min)

− 6.00

0.75

1.50

− 9.58

 

[− 19.43,7.43]

[− 12.54,14.04]

[− 11.66,14.66]

[− 24.27,5.11]

 Men*Time (120 min)

3.58

− 6.33

1.92

− 1.67

 

[− 9.85,17.02]

[− 19.62,6.95]

[− 11.24,15.08]

[− 16.36,13.02]

 Men*time (150 min)

− 0.67

− 3.17

3.33

6.50

 

[− 14.10,12.77]

[− 16.45,10.12]

[− 9.83,16.49]

[− 8.19,21.19]

 Men*time (180 min)

− 6.00

− 1.00

2.83

− 3.17

 

[− 19.43,7.43]

[− 14.29,12.29]

[− 10.33,15.99]

[− 17.86,11.52]

Interceptd

    

 Constant

3.50

70.75***

71.33***

6.75

 

[− 8.45,15.45]

[60.96,80.54]

[61.22,81.45]

[− 6.22,19.72]

  1. Values are coefficients obtained from mixed-effects linear regression models
  2. To obtain the mean values of the various appetite ratings over time, the coefficients shown in the table can be entered into the following sex-specific equations:
  3. Women: constant + time (at a specific time point)
  4. Men: constant + sex + time (at a specific time point) + interaction (at a specific time point)
  5. aThe effect of male sex on appetite ratings at baseline. It represents how much the basal ratings of appetite differed in men compared with women
  6. bThe effect of time on appetite ratings. It represents how much appetite ratings have changed over time from baseline in women
  7. cThe effect of male sex on appetite ratings over time. It represents how much the changes in appetite ratings from baseline in men differed from the changes observed in women over the same time frame
  8. dThe intercept represents the baseline appetite ratings in women
  9. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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