|
Risk factor
|
RR1 (95% CI2)
|
Prevalence (%)
|
Communality3 (%)
|
PAF4 (%)
|
Weighted PAF5 (%)
|
|---|
|
All adults
|
|
Limited educationa
|
1.60 (1.47–1.76)
|
4.78
|
66.19
|
2.81
|
0.85
|
|
Deafnessb
|
2.60 (2.41–2.80)
|
9.66
|
39.81
|
13.38
|
4.05
|
|
Social isolationc
|
3.39 (3.10–3.71)
|
52.38
|
70.97
|
55.60
|
16.82
|
|
Depressiond
|
4.17 (4.01–4.34)
|
18.76
|
56.15
|
37.30
|
11.29
|
|
Smokinge
|
1.71 (1.63–1.80)
|
15.46
|
64.26
|
9.90
|
3.00
|
|
Physical inactivityf
|
1.76 (1.68–1.83)
|
30.76
|
39.83
|
18.87
|
5.71
|
|
Obesityg
|
1.27 (1.22–1.33)
|
32.97
|
59.06
|
8.25
|
2.50
|
|
Hypertensionh
|
1.62 (1.53–1.71)
|
50.99
|
57.99
|
23.95
|
7.25
|
|
Diabetesi
|
1.67 (1.59–1.75)
|
17.76
|
57.65
|
10.57
|
3.20
|
| | | |
Overall6
|
89.31
|
54.66
|
|
Women
|
|
Limited educationa
|
1.61 (1.42–1.83)
|
4.49
|
58.99
|
2.66
|
0.78
|
|
Deafnessb
|
2.68 (2.37–3.02)
|
7.46
|
48.90
|
11.12
|
3.28
|
|
Social isolationc
|
3.23 (2.89–3.62)
|
55.70
|
69.20
|
55.41
|
16.31
|
|
Depressiond
|
4.31 (4.07–4.55)
|
22.92
|
57.33
|
43.12
|
12.70
|
|
Smokinge
|
1.88 (1.76–2.01)
|
14.41
|
65.83
|
11.27
|
3.32
|
|
Physical inactivityf
|
1.79 (1.69–1.89)
|
32.25
|
41.35
|
20.23
|
5.96
|
|
Obesityg
|
1.40 (1.32–1.49)
|
32.08
|
64.84
|
11.35
|
3.34
|
|
Hypertensionh
|
1.59 (1.48–1.70)
|
49.57
|
58.25
|
22.52
|
6.63
|
|
Diabetesi
|
1.74 (1.63–1.86)
|
16.73
|
59.35
|
10.98
|
3.23
|
| | | |
Overall6
|
90.51
|
55.55
|
|
Men
|
|
Limited educationa
|
1.60 (1.40–1.82)
|
5.11
|
26.67
|
2.96
|
1.01
|
|
Deafnessb
|
2.54 (2.30–2.80)
|
12.22
|
20.30
|
15.82
|
5.38
|
|
Social isolationc
|
3.65 (3.16–4.21)
|
47.68
|
71.96
|
55.82
|
19.00
|
|
Depressiond
|
4.33 (4.08–4.60)
|
13.94
|
39.75
|
31.72
|
10.80
|
|
Smokinge
|
1.54 (1.43–1.67)
|
16.68
|
50.75
|
8.29
|
2.82
|
|
Physical inactivityf
|
1.73 (1.62–1.85)
|
29.03
|
35.75
|
17.53
|
5.97
|
|
Obesityg
|
1.15 (1.08–1.23)
|
33.93
|
48.34
|
4.85
|
1.65
|
|
Hypertensionh
|
1.65 (1.52–1.79)
|
52.63
|
57.98
|
25.55
|
8.70
|
|
Diabetesi
|
1.59 (1.48–1.70)
|
18.95
|
54.94
|
10.05
|
3.42
|
| | | |
Overall6
|
88.12
|
58.75
|
- Data aggregated from U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015–2018; estimates were weighted and/or adjusted for complex survey design. Not all risk factors were available for every year of the survey. RR and PAF were unadjusted for demographic factors
- 1Relative risk and 2confidence intervals for subjective cognitive decline. 3Total amount of variance a risk factor shares with the other factors
- 4Population-attributable fraction; proportion of all cases of subjective cognitive decline in the population that is attributable to a risk factor
- 5PAF after accounting for communality. 6Combined PAF of all risk factors. 3−6Please see Additional file 1 for formulas
- aNever attended school or discontinued after 8th grade
- bIncludes serious difficulty hearing
- cNever or rarely receive needed social and emotional support and/or have social activities significantly limited by arthritis
- dEver told to have a depressive disorder
- eCurrently smoke every day or some days and have smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes in lifetime
- fNo physical activity or exercise during past 30 days other than regular job
- gBody mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.00 kg/m2
- hEver told to have high blood pressure by a health professional, excluding during pregnancy or borderline high, pre-hypertension
- iEver told to have diabetes, excluding gestational, borderline or pre-diabetes
