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Table 3 Hematological, hemodynamic, cardiac and pulmonary variables at peak exercise

From: Sex and age interaction in fundamental circulatory volumetric variables at peak working capacity

 

Young

Older

P for age comparison

P for sex

P for sex

Peak blood O2 carrying capacity

 Hbpeak (g dL−1)

14.1 ± 1.2

16.9 ± 0.8*

 < 0.001

14.4 ± 0.8

15.9 ± 0.9*

 < 0.001

0.371

0.002

 Hctpeak (%)

43.1 ± 3.7

51.8 ± 2.5*

 < 0.001

44.1 ± 2.3

48.8 ± 2.9*

 < 0.001

0.382

0.003

Peak hemodynamics

 SBPpeak (mm Hg)

174.9 ± 33.2

185.0 ± 49.3

0.587

227.1 ± 52.3a

231.1 ± 48.5a

0.785

0.005

0.018

 DBPpeak (mm Hg)

115.9 ± 40.9

85.7 ± 31.2

0.075

114.2 ± 29.4

115.1 ± 31.3a

0.918

0.894

0.019

 MBPpeak (mm Hg)

109.6 ± 27.1

111.0 ± 35.1

0.917

144.8 ± 35.2a

148.7 ± 35.2a

0.713

0.006

0.008

 SVRpeak (dyn s cm−5)

810.1 ± 272.3

571.8 ± 209.4*

0.038

1487.1 ± 796.6a

1004.7 ± 268.2*a

0.010

0.010

 < 0.001

 HRpeak (bpm)

168.8 ± 9.9

179.9 ± 9.41*

0.005

146.4 ± 12.3a

144.5 ± 13.5a

0.586

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Peak echocardiography

 RApeak (mL m−2)

14.52 ± 4.06

13.31 ± 4.04

0.437

12.77 ± 5.03

15.99 ± 7.55

0.066

0.267

0.223

 RV EDApeak (cm−2 m2)

9.50 ± 1.72

10.54 ± 1.96

0.146

8.76 ± 1.85

10.72 ± 2.32*

0.001

0.222

0.801

 RV ESApeak (cm2 m−2)

3.94 ± 0.88

4.31 ± 0.90

0.283

3.66 ± 0.84

4.14 ± 1.44

0.138

0.315

0.687

 LApeak (mLl m−2)

13.82 ± 5.08

12.60 ± 2.65

0.433

17.53 ± 6.83

18.75 ± 9.67a

0.583

0.079

0.025

 LVEDVpeak (mL m−2)

45.12 ± 10.25

54.10 ± 9.84*

0.026

45.34 ± 8.97

55.23 ± 14.76*

0.004

0.944

0.799

 LVESVpeak (mL m−2)

8.24 ± 2.10

9.73 ± 2.45

0.095

9.80 ± 3.53

11.25 ± 4.32

0.170

0.135

0.232

 LVEFpeak (%)

81.5 ± 3.2

81.51 ± 4.92

0.983

78.6 ± 5.9

79.6 ± 6.1

0.548

0.090

0.306

 SVpeak (mL m−2)

36.90 ± 8.98

44.36 ± 9.81*

0.046

35.54 ± 7.20

43.97 ± 12.54*

0.003

0.595

0.921

 Qpeak (L min−1 m−2)

6.17 ± 1.26

7.99 ± 1.86*

0.006

5.19 ± 1.09a

6.39 ± 2.12*a

0.011

0.012

0.022

Peak pulmonary variables

 VO2peak (mL min−1)

2699.7 ± 552.4

3826.9 ± 829.6*

 < 0.001

1818.0 ± 498.8a

2607.4 ± 514.9*a

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 VO2peak (mL min−1 kg−1)

41.7 ± 8.6

49.5 ± 11.5

0.051

30.3 ± 7.4a

32.9 ± 7.6a

0.186

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Vepeak (L min−1)

56.8 ± 28.9

69.4 ± 38.6

0.337

58.3 ± 21.5

70.8 ± 30.8

0.081

0.857

0.900

  1. Significant P values (< 0.05) are highlighted in bold
  2. Data are expressed as mean ± SD
  3. DBPpeak, peak diastolic blood pressure; Hbpeak, peak hemoglobin concentration; Hctpeak, peak hematocrit; HRpeak, peak heart rate; LApeak, peak left atria; LVEDVpeak, peak left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEFpeak, peak left ventricular ejection fraction; MBPpeak, peak mean blood pressure; O2, oxygen; Qpeak, peak cardiac output; RApeak, peak right atria; RV EDApeak, peak right ventricular end-diastolic area; RV ESApeak, peak right ventricular end-systolic area; SBPpeak, peak systolic blood pressure; SVpeak, peak stroke volume: SVRpeak, peak systemic vascular resistance; VO2peak, peak oxygen uptake
  4. *P < 0.05 compared with age-matched women
  5. aP < 0.05 compared with sex-matched young individuals