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Fig. 4 | Biology of Sex Differences

Fig. 4

From: Spatiotemporal AMPKα2 deletion in mice induces cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in males only

Fig. 4

Left ventricle mitochondrial phenotype 16 weeks after cardiac-specific Ampkα2 deletion in male and female mice. A Rate of respiration after successive addition of pyruvate (1 mM), glutamate (10 mM), succinate (15 mM), amytal (1 mM) and TMPD-ascorbate (0.5:2 mM). B Citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and complex I enzymatic activities. C Immunoblotting of citrate synthase (CS) and mitochondrial creatine kinase (miCK). Vinculin is used as a loading control. D Total protein content of 5 subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes: C-I-20 (complex I), C-II-30 (complex II), C-III-Core 2 (complex III), C-IV-COXI (complex IV) and C-V-α (complex V). E mRNA expression level of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis: Pgc-1α, Pgc-1β, Nrf2 (gabpa), Errα, Pparα, Tfam, Cox1 and Cox4. (n = 5 to 7 per experimental group). ANOVA: §p < 0.05 for the genotype effect; µ p < 0.05, µµ p < 0.01, µµµ p < 0.001 for the sex effect; $p < 0.05 for interaction; Post hoc Tukey test: *p < 0.05 Ampkα2f/f vs Ampkα2ciKO (same sex); ¤p < 0.05, ¤¤p < 0.01 males vs females (same genotype)

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