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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of cases and control participants by sexa

From: Sex difference in the association between plasma selenium and first stroke: a community-based nested case-control study

Characteristics

First stroke cases

P value

Non-stroke controls

P value

Males

Females

Males

Females

N

n = 621

n = 634

 

n = 621

n = 634

 

Age, years

71.4 ± 8.1

70.1± 8.0

0.004

71.4 ± 8.1

70.1 ± 8.0

0.003

BMI, kg/m2

25.7 ± 3.6

27.3 ± 4.9

< 0.001

25.0 ± 3.5

26.7 ± 3.8

< 0.001

Current smoking, n (%)

293 (47.2)

3 (0.5)

< 0.001

254 (40.9)

1 (0.2)

< 0.001

Current alcohol drinking, n (%)

291 (46.9)

4 (0.6)

< 0.001

308 (49.6)

9 (1.4)

< 0.001

Baseline SBP, mmHg

154.8 ± 23.1

159.5 ± 24.2

< 0.001

146.8 ± 20.8

151.8 ± 22.2

< 0.001

Baseline DBP, mmHg

88.0 ± 13.4

86.4 ± 12.2

0.030

84.4 ± 11.3

82.2 ± 11.4

< 0.001

Self-reported hypertension, n (%)

319 (51.4)

427 (67.4)

< 0.001

234 (37.7)

332 (52.4)

< 0.001

Self-reported diabetes, n (%)

97 (15.6)

164 (25.9)

< 0.001

64 (10.3)

99 (15.6)

0.005

Self-reported hyperlipidemia, n (%)

46 (7.4)

83 (13.1)

< 0.001

62 (10.0)

73 (11.5)

0.382

Self-reported atrial fibrillation, n (%)

13 (2.1)

16 (2.5)

0.612

13 (2.1)

4 (0.6)

0.025

Hypertension, n (%)b

511 (82.3)

564 (89.0)

< 0.001

429 (69.1)

512 (80.8)

< 0.001

Labor intensity, n (%)

  

< 0.001

  

0.006

 Mild

457 (73.6)

521 (82.2)

 

430 (69.2)

477 (75.2)

 

 Moderate

125 (20.1)

96 (15.1)

 

155 (25.0)

112 (17.7)

 

 Severe

39 (6.3)

17 (2.7)

 

36 (5.8)

45 (7.1)

 

Medication use, n (%)

 Anti-platelet drugs

37 (6.0)

23 (3.6)

0.053

10 (1.6)

13 (2.1)

0.561

 Lipid-lowering drugs

8 (1.3)

14 (2.2)

0.214

7 (1.1)

15 (2.4)

0.095

 Glucose-lowering drugs

72 (11.6)

121 (19.1)

< 0.001

40 (6.4)

68 (10.7)

0.007

 Anti-hypertensive drugs

281 (45.2)

383 (60.4)

< 0.001

195 (31.4)

293 (46.2)

< 0.001

Laboratory results

      

 TC, mmol/L

5.6 ± 1.1

6.1 ± 1.3

< 0.001

5.7 ± 1.1

6.1 ± 1.3

< 0.001

 TG, mmol/L

1.3 ± 0.8

1.7 ± 1.0

< 0.001

1.1 ± 0.7

1.5 ± 0.8

< 0.001

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.6 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.4

0.935

1.7 ± 0.4

1.7 ± 0.4

0.376

 Glucose, mmol/L

6.3 ± 2.2

6.8 ± 2.8

0.001

5.9 ± 1.9

6.1 ± 2.2

0.051

 tHcy, μmol/L

15.8 ±9.5

12.8 ± 5.7

< 0.001

14.7 ± 7.5

12.2 ± 4.3

< 0.001

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

91.4 ± 15.9

92.0 ± 14.7

0.485

93.1 ± 14.1

93.4 ± 12.7

0.685

 Vitamin E, μg/mL

13.0 ± 3.4

15.2 ± 4.3

< 0.001

12.8 ± 3.1

15.1 ± 4.3

< 0.001

 Selenium, ng/mL

86.2 ± 16.8

87.0 ± 18.4

0.436

89.1 ± 20.1

86.6 ± 18.7

0.020

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, tHcy total homocysteine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
  2. aVariables are presented as the mean ± SD or n (%)
  3. bHypertension was defined as a self-reported history of hypertension, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, SBP ≥ 140 mmHg, or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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