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Fig. 2 | Biology of Sex Differences

Fig. 2

From: Lower variability in female students than male students at multiple timescales supports the use of sex as a biological variable in human studies

Fig. 2

Effects of variance and gender on GPA are largely independent. Deciles of SD with equal populations (a) reveal men have a lower average GPA in all deciles. The size of each dot is proportional to the representation of that gender in each decile. Men show a significant increase in representation across deciles from the lowest to highest SD (b). Twenty-four divisions of the total population by SD amplitude (c, black rings) follow a polynomial decay of GPA with increasing SD. Separating these 24 by gender (red: men; blue: women) identifies a higher GPA for women in all fractions. Larger rings are population centroids. Comparing these centroids to the whole population polynomial fit curve (d) reveals that the GPA disadvantage of men corresponds to only 5.6% of the increase in SD necessary, were SD alone to account for the difference in GPA. SD is not the cause for the majority of the gender difference in GPA

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