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Table 1 Categories used to group traits

From: Sex-dependent effects of prenatal food and protein restriction on offspring physiology in rats and mice: systematic review and meta-analyses

Categorya

Examples of traits

Adrenal

gene expression (mRNA or protein); organ weight

Behavioural

stereotypic responses; food intake; food preference

Blood lipids

cholesterol, LDL, NEFA, triglycerides

Bone

bone mineral content, bone mineral density

Brain

gene expression (mRNA or protein)

Cardiovascular

blood pressure; measures of vascular or ventricular function; heart rate; gene expression (mRNA or protein) in heart or vasculature; organ weight

Fat

body fat percentage, fat pad weight

Hepatic

hepatic gene expression, enzyme activity, glycogen, blood proteins produced by liver; organ weight

Lung

alveolar number, gene expression (mRNA or protein); triolein uptake; organ weight

Muscular

fibre density, diameter

Oxidative status

plasma carbonyl, glutathione, thiols and melatonin, superoxide anion scavenging activity, oxidative status score based on plasma biomarkers

Pancreatic

beta-cell mass; islet size; gene expression (mRNA or protein); organ weight

Placental

gene expression (mRNA or protein), SOD activity

Renal

gene expression (mRNA or protein); urine production; ion excretion; glomerular number; glomerular filtration rate; organ weight

Spleen

organ weight

  1. aBody weight, blood hormones, and blood glucose were not categorized