Fig. 1
Exercise-induced alterations in cardiac function and blood pressure. a Long-term training significantly elevated the ejection fraction of the left ventricle in the MEx and FEx groups compared with the corresponding control groups, and no difference between the sexes was found. (Ftraining = 25.226, Fsex = 2.735, Fint = 0.495, dftraining = 1, dfsex = 1, dfint = 1, Ptraining < 0.001, Psex = 0.106, and Pint = 0.486). b Similar observations were made for fractional shortening. (Ftraining = 24.528, Fsex = 1.263, Fint = 0.402, dftraining = 1, dfsex = 1, dfint = 1, Ptraining < 0.001, Psex = 0.268, and Pint = 0.53). c No alterations were found in systolic blood pressure. (Ftraining = 1.593, Fsex = 0.219, Fint = 1.403, dftraining = 1, dfsex = 1, dfint = 1, Ptraining = 0.218, Psex = 0.644, and Pint = 0.246). d No alterations were found in diastolic blood pressure (Ftraining = 0.149, Fsex = 0.164, Fint = 0.0876, dftraining = 1, dfsex = 1, dfint = 1, Ptraining = 0.703, Psex = 0.688, and Pint = 0.769). e No alterations were found in mean arterial pressure (Ftraining = 1.473, Fsex = 0.0570, Fint = 1.241, dftraining = 1, dfsex = 1, dfint = 1, Ptraining = 0.235, Psex = 0.813, and Pint = 0.275). Two-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test. Values are the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. MSe; #P < 0.05 vs. FSe