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Table 9 Results of the post hoc within-subjects contrasts (day, day × sex) and between-subjects effects (sex) of the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 90th percentile or peak muscle activity with corresponding effect size r (Pearson’s correlation coefficient)

From: Sex differences in muscle activity and motor variability in response to a non-fatiguing repetitive screwing task

Parameter

Muscle

Outcome

Day

Sex

Interaction (day × sex)

Day 1 vs. 2

Day 1 vs. 3

Day 2 vs. 3

Men vs. women

Day 1 vs. 2

Day 1 vs. 3

Day 2 vs. 3

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

RMS90

M. extensor digitorum

DIFF

378.10

(1, 54)

0.000*

0.94‡

75.54

(1, 54)

0.000*

0.76‡

70.51

(1, 54)

0.000*

0.75‡

1.22

(1, 54)

0.247

0.15

0.19

(1, 54)

0.663

0.06

0.24

(1, 54)

0.630

0.07

0.95

(1, 54)

0.334

0.13

Mean

3.34

(1, 54)

0.073

0.24

7.98

(1, 54)

0.007*

0.36†

2.82

(1, 54)

0.099

0.22

4.21

(1, 54)

0.045*

0.27

0.15

(1, 54)

0.696

0.05

1.14

(1, 54)

0.290

0.14

0.84

(1, 54)

0.363

0.12

M. flexor carpi radialis

DIFF

1329.46

(1, 50)

0.000*

0.98‡

1545.98

(1, 50)

0.000*

0.98‡

787.08

(1, 50)

0.000*

0.97‡

0.43

(1, 50)

0.516

0.09

1.92

(1, 50)

0.172

0.19

4.55

(1, 50)

0.038*

0.29

3.75

(1, 50)

0.059

0.26

Mean

0.02

(1, 50)

0.882

0.02

0.69

(1, 50)

0.411

0.12

1.88

(1, 50)

0.176

0.19

2.76

(1, 50)

0.103

0.23

3.89

(1, 50)

0.054

0.27

0.01

(1, 50)

0.914

0.02

4.51

(1, 50)

0.039*

0.29

M. biceps brachii

DIFF

71.93

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.76‡

95.50

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.80‡

4.84

(1, 53)

0.032*

0.29

10.38

(1, 53)

0.002*

0.40†

2.40

(1, 53)

0.127

0.21

1.79

(1, 53)

0.838

0.18

0.04

(1, 53)

0.838

0.03

Mean

2.70

(1, 53)

0.106

0.22

0.61

(1, 53)

0.437

0.11

0.26

(1, 53)

0.614

0.07

5.54

(1, 53)

0.022*

0.31†

0.00

(1, 53)

0.980

0.00

0.42

(1, 53)

0.521

0.09

0.49

(1, 53)

0.486

0.10

M. triceps brachii

DIFF

333.71

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.93‡

1488.00

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.98‡

674.81

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.96‡

7.14

(1, 53)

0.010*

0.34†

0.17

(1, 53)

0.678

0.06

4.39

(1, 53)

0.041*

0.28

5.42

(1, 53)

0.024*

0.30†

Mean

1.96

(1, 53)

0.167

0.19

10.00

(1, 53)

0.003*

0.40†

1.92

(1, 53)

0.171

0.19

3.28

(1, 53)

0.076

0.24

0.05

(1, 53)

0.818

0.03

0.00

(1, 53)

0.965

0.01

0.12

(1, 53)

0.734

0.05

  1. *Significant p value, α = 0.05. †Medium effect size, r ≥ 0.3; ‡Large effect size, r ≥ 0.5. df1 degrees of freedom for the number of comparisons within subjects, df2 degrees of freedom for the error term, RMS90 90th percentile or peak muscle activity, DIFF difference value between the start (rows 2 and 3) and end (rows 11 and 12) value