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Table 7 Results of the post hoc within-subjects contrasts (day, day × sex) and between-subjects effects (sex) of the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 50th percentile or medium muscle activity with corresponding effect size r (Pearson’s correlation coefficient)

From: Sex differences in muscle activity and motor variability in response to a non-fatiguing repetitive screwing task

Parameter

Muscle

Outcome

Day

Sex

Interaction (day × sex)

Day 1 vs. 2

Day 1 vs. 3

Day 2 vs. 3

Men vs. women

Day 1 vs. 2

Day 1 vs. 3

Day 2 vs. 3

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

F value (df1, df2)

p value

r

RMS50

M. extensor digitorum

DIFF

0.04

(1, 54)

0.849

0.03

104.45

(1, 54)

0.000*

0.81‡

205.23

(1, 54)

0.000*

0.89‡

0.19

(1, 54)

0.667

0.06

0.65

(1, 54)

0.425

0.11

0.10

(1, 54)

0.756

0.04

0.18

(1, 54)

0.673

0.06

Mean

4.48

(1, 54)

0.039*

0.28

9.41

(1, 54)

0.003*

0.39†

3.56

(1, 54)

0.065

0.25

1.37

(1, 54)

0.248

0.16

0.08

(1, 54)

0.782

0.04

1.00

(1, 54)

0.323

0.13

1.06

(1,54)

0.307

0.14

M. flexor carpi radialis

DIFF

865.81

(1, 50)

0.000*

0.97‡

1710.12

(1, 50)

0.000*

0.99‡

739.93

(1, 50)

0.000*

0.97‡

0.48

(1, 50)

0.492

0.10

0.03

(1, 50)

0.862

0.02

1.40

(1, 50)

0.242

0.17

2.89

(1, 50)

0.095

0.23

Mean

0.02

(1, 50)

0.880

0.02

2.01

(1, 50)

0.163

0.20

2.66

(1, 50)

0.109

0.22

4.50

(1, 50)

0.039*

0.29

2.50

(1, 50)

0.120

0.22

0.00

(1, 50)

0.994

0.00

2.79

(1, 50)

0.101

0.23

M. biceps brachii

DIFF

1.36

(1, 53)

0.249

0.16

6.68

(1, 53)

0.013*

0.33†

2.37

(1, 53)

0.130

0.21

13.87

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.46†

0.35

(1, 53)

0.559

0.08

0.00

(1, 53)

0.962

0.01

0.33

(1, 53)

0.568

0.08

Mean

6.45

(1, 53)

0.014*

0.33†

3.27

(1, 53)

0.076

0.24

0.01

(1, 53)

0.920

0.01

0.00

(1, 53)

0.967

0.01

0.01

(1, 53)

0.910

0.02

0.15

(1, 53)

0.696

0.05

0.16

(1, 53)

0.687

0.06

M. triceps brachii

DIFF

353.58

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.93‡

2005.53

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.99‡

1182.43

(1, 53)

0.000*

0.98‡

5.76

(1, 53)

0.020*

0.31†

0.24

(1, 53)

0.642

0.07

2.92

(1, 53)

0.093

0.23

2.81

(1, 53)

0.099

0.22

Mean

4.81

(1, 53)

0.033*

0.29

7.79

(1, 53)

0.007*

0.36†

1.07

(1, 53)

0.306

0.14

6.87

(1, 53)

0.011*

0.34†

0.16

(1, 53)

0.695

0.05

0.59

(1, 53)

0.445

0.11

0.27

(1, 53)

0.605

0.07

  1. *Significant p value, α = 0.05. †Medium effect size, r ≥ 0.3; ‡Large effect size, r ≥ 0.5. f1 degrees of freedom for the number of comparisons within subjects, df2 degrees of freedom for the error term, RMS50 50th percentile or median muscle activity, DIFF difference value between the start (rows 2 and 3) and end (rows 11 and 12) value