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Table 10 Results of the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the effect of sex and day on absolute cycle-to-cycle variability of muscle activity

From: Sex differences in muscle activity and motor variability in response to a non-fatiguing repetitive screwing task

Parameter

Muscle

Outcome

Men

Women

Statistical analysis (mixed ANOVA)

N

Median (IQR)

N

Median (IQR)

Day

Sex

Day × sex

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

F value (df1, df2)

p value

F value (df1, df2)

p value

F value (df1, df2)

p value

RMSSD

M. extensor digitorum

RMSSD.START [%RVE]

27

27.34

(19.33)

25.56

(21.61)

23.07

(18.99)

29

18.38

(9.08)

17.67

(9.82)

17.70

(8.99)

2.195

(2, 108)

0.116

7.621

(1, 54)

0.008*

0.509

(2, 108)

0.603

RMSSD.DIFF [%RVE]

27

− 0.02

(6.69)

− 0.19

(5.55)

0.74

(4.79)

29

− 0.23

(3.27)

− 0.06

(2.61)

− 0.72

(3.72)

103.283

(2, 108)

0.000*

0.041

(1, 54)

0.841

0.361

(2, 108)

0.698

RMSSD.MEAN [%RVE]

27

28.03

(17.61)

25.88

(19.00)

23.89

(20.30)

29

18.43

(7.46)

17.10

(10.63)

17.94

(9.01)

2.013

(2, 108)

0.139

8.159

(1, 54)

0.006*

0.447

(2, 108)

0.640

M. flexor carpi radialis

RMSSD.START [%RVE]

27

18.30

(18.50)

16.04

(8.49)

12.79

(15.11)

25

21.49

(17.69)

20.28

(20.42)

19.01

(18.42)

0.427

(2, 100)

0.654

1.158

(1, 50)

0.287

1.316

(2, 100)

0.273

RMSSD.DIFF [%RVE]

27

− 1.67

(6.54)

− 0.08

(3.03)

− 0.25

(3.46)

25

− 1.96

(8.08)

− 0.77

(7.14)

− 1.40

(4.03)

1462.34

(2, 100)

0.000*

0.469

(1, 50)

0.497

2.784

(2, 100)

0.067

RMSSD.MEAN [%RVE]

27

15.95

(16.77)

14.62

(7.34)

13.57

(15.33)

25

19.00

(19.51)

20.52

(21.00)

16.91

(16.73)

0.528

(2, 100)

0.592

1.141

(1, 50)

0.291

2.070

(2, 100)

0.132

M. biceps brachii

RMSSD.START [%RVE]

26

64.06

(36.24)

61.73

(30.25)

66.36

(37.99)

29

50.50

(22.99)

47.46

(16.60)

52.08

(25.65)

0.590

(2, 106)

0.556

4.148

(1, 53)

0.047*

0.868

(2, 106)

0.423

RMSSD.DIFF [%RVE]

26

− 1.61

(8.24)

− 1.30

(9.77)

− 0.71

(12.76)

29

− 4.25

(10.01)

− 6.48

(7.01)

− 5.22

(8.85)

30.392

(2, 106)

0.000*

12.311

(1, 53)

0.001*

1.193

(2, 106)

0.307

RMSSD.MEAN [%RVE]

26

61.07

(32.50)

58.62

(33.84)

67.08

(34.30)

29

47.10

(20.47)

45.51

(16.76)

47.17

(21.32)

0.846

(2, 106)

0.432

7.396

(1, 53)

0.009*

0.622

(2, 106)

0.539

M. triceps brachii

RMSSD.START [%RVE]

25

15.15

(10.36)

10.41

(9.42)

10.71

(10.00)

30

13.17

(12.20)

12.79

(8.02)

12.30

(11.07)

3.649

(2, 106)

0.029*

0.902

(1, 53)

0.347

0.097

(2, 106)

0.908

RMSSD.DIFF [%RVE]

25

0.56

(4.40)

0.13

(3.69)

0.05

(2.63)

30

− 1.78

(3.16)

− 1.07

(3.08)

− 0.14

(2.56)

454.218

(2, 106)

0.000*

10.274

(1, 53)

0.002*

3.938

(2, 106)

0.022*

RMSSD.MEAN [%RVE]

25

14.84

(11.04)

12.10

(10.26)

11.54

(8.55)

30

13.55

(10.41)

12.01

(8.92)

12.83

(9.87)

2.484

(2, 106)

0.088

0.224

(1, 53)

0.638

0.019

(2, 106)

0.981

  1. *Significant p value, α = 0.05. N number of subjects in statistical model, IQR interquartile range, df1 degrees of freedom for the number of comparisons within subjects, df2 degrees of freedom for the error term, RMSSD absolute cycle-to-cycle variability of muscle activity, START initial value, DIFF difference value between the start (rows 2 and 3) and end (rows 11 and 12) value, RVE reference voluntary electrical activity