Sphingolipid (nMol/L) | Dutch men (N = 174) | Dutch women (N = 176) | Interaction by sex | SA Sur men (N = 154) | SA Sur women (N = 196) | Interaction by sex | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | P value | |
Ceramides | ||||||||||
Cer(d18:1) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 52 (27; 78) | < 0.001 | 82 (62; 102) | < 0.001 | 0.07 | 27 (0; 54) | 0.05 | 33 (13; 53) | 0.002 | 0.72 |
Model 2 | 31 (2; 59) | 0.03 | 76 (55; 98) | < 0.001 | 0.05 | 33 (4; 61) | 0.03 | 31 (10; 53) | 0.005 | 0.73 |
Cer(d18:2) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 6.4 (1.6; 11.2) | 0.009 | 16.7 (12.7; 20.7) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 6.9 (1.7; 12.2) | 0.01 | 9.9 (5.6; 14.2) | < 0.001 | 0.38 |
Model 2 | 3.2 (− 2.1; 8.5) | 0.23 | 15.92 (11.57; 20.26) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 8.3 (2.7; 14.0) | 0.004 | 9.9 (5.4 14.52) | < 0.001 | 0.37 |
Cer(d18:0) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 7.9 (1.5; 14.2) | 0.02 | 9.4 (3.1; 15.7) | 0.004 | 0.73 | 5.0 (− 3.6; 13.6) | 0.25 | 4.1 (− 2.8; 11.0) | 0.24 | 0.87 |
Model 2 | 2.2 (− 4.7; 9.1) | 0.53 | 5.7 (− 1.0; 12.3) | 0.09 | 0.55 | 6.6 (− 2.4; 15.7) | 0.15 | 3.2 (− 4.2; 10.5) | 0.40 | 0.70 |
Cer(d16:1) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 3.2 (0.9; 5.5) | 0.007 | 5.7 (3.9; 7.5) | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 4.3 (1.9; 6.8) | 0.001 | 3.6 (1.9; 5.3) | < 0.001 | 0.62 |
Model 2 | 1.1 (− 1.3; 3.6) | 0.37 | 5.3 (3.4; 7.3) | < 0.001 | 0.07 | 4.7 (2.1; 7.3) | < 0.001 | 3.8 (1.9; 5.6) | < 0.001 | 0.59 |
Cer(d16:1) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 2.3 (0.8; 3.9) | 0.003 | 4.0 (2.7; 5.2) | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 2.0 (0.5; 3.4) | 0.01 | 2.0 (0.9; 3.1) | < 0.001 | 0.97 |
Model 2 | 1.7 (− 0.0; 3.4) | 0.06 | 4.1 (2.7; 5.4) | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 2.4 (0.8; 4.0) | 0.003 | 2.3 (1.1; 3.4) | < 0.001 | 0.96 |
Cer(d20:1) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 1.07 (0.33; 1.81) | 0.005 | 0.86 (− 0.27; 1.99) | 0.13 | 0.77 | − 0.07 (− 1.01; 0.87) | 0.88 | 0.75 (− 0.01; 1.51) | 0.05 | 0.18 |
Model 2 | 0.79 (− 0.04; 1.61) | 0.06 | 0.88 (− 0.34; 2.11) | 0.16 | 0.85 | 0.09 (− 0.91; 1.09) | 0.86 | 0.71 (− 0.10; 1.53) | 0.09 | 0.21 |
1-Deoxysphinganine | ||||||||||
Cer(m18:0) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 7.9 (1.5; 14.2) | 0.02 | 9.4 (3.1; 15.7) | 0.004 | 0.73 | 5.0 (− 3.6; 13.6) | 0.25 | 4.1 (− 2.8; 11.0) | 0.24 | 0.87 |
Model 2 | 2.2 (− 4.7; 9.1) | 0.53 | 5.7 (− 1.0; 12.3) | 0.09 | 0.55 | 6.6 (− 2.4; 15.7) | 0.15 | 3.2 (− 4.2; 10.5) | 0.40 | 0.70 |
Glucosylceramides | ||||||||||
GlcCer(d18:1) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 21 (9; 33) | 0.001 | 33 (21; 45) | < 0.001 | 0.16 | 3 (− 10; 17) | 0.64 | 4 (− 6; 14) | 0.43 | 0.91 |
Model 2 | 21 (8; 34) | 0.002 | 40 (27; 52) | < 0.001 | 0.17 | 6 (− 9; 20) | 0.44 | 5 (− 6; 16) | 0.38 | 0.52 |
GlcCer(d18:2) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 4.1 (2.4; 5.7) | < 0.001 | 6.9 (5.2; 8.7) | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 1.4 (− 0.4; 3.2) | 0.13 | 3.4 (1.7; 5.1) | < 0.001 | 0.11 |
Model 2 | 4.3 (2.4; 6.1) | < 0.001 | 7.6 (5.7; 9.5) | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 1.9 (− 0.0; 3.8) | 0.06 | 3.7 (2.0; 5.5) | < 0.001 | 0.10 |
Lactosylceramides | ||||||||||
LacCer(d18:1) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 0.3 (− 8.5; 9.2) | 0.94 | 9.1 (0.5; 17.6) | 0.04 | 0.16 | − 7.9 (− 17.4; 2.1) | 0.12 | − 11.1 (− 18.7; − 3.6) | 0.004 | 0.58 |
Model 2 | 1.6 (− 8.4; 11.5) | 0.64 | 12.7 (3.6; 21.8) | 0.007 | 0.19 | − 6.5 (− 17.1; 4.1) | 0.23 | − 11.2 (− 19.3; − 3.1) | 0.007 | 0.58 |
LacCer(d18:2) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 1.4 (0.1; 2.6) | 0.03 | 4.6 (3.2; 5.9) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | − 0.1 (− 1.4; 1.1) | 0.86 | 1.2 (0.0; 2.4) | 0.04 | 0.12 |
Model 2 | 1.4 (0.0; 2.8) | 0.05 | 4.8 (3.4; 6.3) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.0 (− 1.3; 1.4) | 0.94 | 1.2 (0.0; 2.5) | 0.06 | 0.13 |
Globotriaosylceramides | ||||||||||
CTH(d18:1) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 2.3 (− 0.6; 5.1) | 0.12 | 5.2 (1.8; 8.6) | 0.003 | 0.20 | − 0.4 (− 3.6; 2.7) | 0.79 | 1.2 (− 1.5; 3.9) | 0.39 | 0.44 |
Model 2 | 3.6 (0.4; 6.8) | 0.03 | 7.2 (3.7; 10.8) | < 0.001 | 0.24 | 1.0 (− 2.3; 4.4) | 0.13 | 2.4 (− 0.5; 5.2) | 0.10 | 0.33 |
CTH(d18:2) | ||||||||||
Model 1 | 1.0 (0.4; 1.6) | 0.002 | 1.8 (1.0; 2.6) | < 0.001 | 0.14 | 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.9) | 0.61 | 1.2 (0.4; 2.0) | 0.003 | 0.07 |
Model 2 | 1.1 (0.4; 1.8) | 0.002 | 2.1 (1.2; 2.9) | < 0.001 | 0.18 | 0.4 (− 0.4; 1.2) | 0.29 | 1.3 (0.4; 2.2) | 0.003 | 0.08 |