Table 2 Baseline sphingolipid concentrations in men compared to women, stratified by age group
Cer(d18:1) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 8369 (2095) | 7572 (1371) | – 707 (– 1327; – 86) | 0.03 | – 432 (– 1081; 217) | 0.19 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 9562 (2413) | 8957 (2417) | – 744 (– 1621; 133) | 0.10 | – 386 (– 1346; 574) | 0.43 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 9926 (2435) | 10244 (1874) | 324 (– 509; 1157) | 0.44 | 512 (– 464; 1489) | 0.30 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 8311 (2186) | 7689 (1712) | – 625 (– 1330; 80) | 0.08 | – 259 (– 1076; 558) | 0.53 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 8964 (2006) | 8631 (2106) | – 407 (– 1047; 232) | 0.21 | – 539 (– 1274; 196) | 0.15 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 8476 (2364) | 8581 (1695) | 170 (– 790; 1130) | 0.73 | 105 (– 982; 1192) | 0.85 | |
Cer(d18:2) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 1256 (423) | 1113 (250) | – 123 (– 245; – 2) | 0.05 | – 87 (– 215; 41) | 0.18 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 1397 (427) | 1364 (448) | – 55 (– 216; 106) | 0.50 | 2 (– 175; 179) | 0.98 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 1448 (438) | 1653 (461) | 208 (37; 379) | 0.02 | 204 (3; 406) | 0.05 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 1222 (405) | 1221 (350) | – 1 (– 138; 136) | 0.99 | 94 (– 64; 252) | 0.24 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 1351 (424) | 1386 (449) | 23 (– 114; 160) | 0.74 | – 37 (– 194; 119) | 0.64 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 1374 (448) | 1551 (358) | 181 (– 13; 374) | 0.07 | 153 (– 66; 372) | 0.17 | |
Cer(d18:0) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 2081 (610) | 2185 (673) | 126 (– 105; 357) | 0.28 | 260 (22; 498) | 0.03 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 2240 (551) | 2287 (568) | 18 (– 187; 222) | 0.87 | 84 (– 138; 305) | 0.46 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 2305 (552) | 2491 (504) | – 13 (– 37; 373) | 0.09 | 29 (59; 525) | 0.01 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 2264 (583) | 2229 (573) | – 36 (– 249; 178) | 0.74 | – 96 (– 340; 149) | 0.44 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 2415 (723) | 2480 (679) | 54 (– 167; 274) | 0.63 | 58 (– 194; 310) | 0.65 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 2316 (754) | 2285 (601) | – 14 (– 338; 311) | 0.93 | – 119 (– 491; 252) | 0.52 | |
Cer(d16:1) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 449 (192) | 418 (143) | – 25 (– 85; 35) | 0.40 | 3 (– 60; 65) | 0.93 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 537 (222) | 476 (162) | – 72 (– 143; – 2) | 0.05 | – 63 (– 141; 15) | 0.11 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 541 (206) | 601 (219) | 64 (– 17; 145) | 0.12 | 72 (– 23; 166) | 0.14 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 422 (208) | 407 (156) | – 15 (– 81; 50) | 0.64 | 23 (– 53; 99) | 0.55 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 466 (167) | 457 (163) | – 13 (– 65; 39) | 0.62 | – 34 (– 93; 26) | 0.27 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 536 (257) | 529 (166) | 9.0 (– 86; 104) | 0.85 | – 8 (– 115; 100) | 0.89 | |
Cer(d17:1) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–38 years (N = 59/68) | 369 (109) | 343 (102) | – 19 (– 57; 18) | 0.30 | – 16 (– 57; 25) | 0.44 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 430 (135) | 394 (122) | – 42 (– 89; 6) | 0.08 | – 39 (– 91; 14) | 0.15 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 438 (165) | 475 (132) | 37 (– 21; 94) | 0.21 | 33 (– 35; 101) | 0.34 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 307 (115) | 296 (89) | – 11 (– 48; 26) | 0.56 | 6 (– 38; 49) | 0.80 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 333 (112) | 324 (114) | – 14 (– 49; 22) | 0.45 | – 33 (– 73; 7) | 0.11 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 347 (145) | 356 (93) | 17 (– 38; 72) | 0.53 | 2 (– 58; 61) | 0.96 | |
Cer(d20:1) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 186 (62) | 192 (155) | 13 (– 30; 56) | 0.55 | 17 (– 30; 64) | 0.47 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 211 (67) | 189 (65) | – 26 (– 50; – 2) | 0.03 | – 23 (– 50; 4) | 0.09 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 218 (69) | 207 (55) | – 10 (– 34; 14) | 0.40 | – 1 (– 29; 27) | 0.93 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 189 (73) | 155 (48) | – 34 (– 56; – 12) | 0.003 | – 28 (-54; – 1) | 0.04 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 201 (80) | 179 (82) | – 23 (49; 21) | 0.07 | – 31 (– 59; – 2) | 0.04 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 165 (50) | 178 (71) | 10 (– 22; 41) | 0.55 | 11 (– 25; 47) | 0.55 | |
Cer(m18:0) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 31 (12) | 26 (8) | – 5 (– 9; – 2) | 0.005 | – 3 (– 6; 1) | 0.14 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 33 (12) | 29 (11) | – 4 (– 9;0) | 0.05 | – 2 (– 7; 3) | 0.41 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 33 (11) | 31 (11) | – 2 (– 6; 2) | 0.27 | 2 (– 3; 6) | 0.52 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 33 (14) | 26 (11) | – 7 (– 12; – 3) | 0.003 | – 5 (– 11; 0) | 0.05 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 35 (16) | 30 (12) | – 5 (– 10; – 1) | 0.02 | – 4 (– 9; 1) | 0.08 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 36 (12) | 31 (14) | – 5 (– 11; 2) | 0.17 | – 5 (– 12; 3) | 0.21 | |
GlcCer(d18:1) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 4265 (1073) | 3899 (990) | – 300 (– 665; 64) | 0.11 | – 228 (– 624; 169) | 0.26 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 4481 (1045) | 4353 (964) | – 153 (– 531; 224) | 0.42 | – 254 (– 682; 173) | 0.24 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 4870 (1108) | 4963 (1463) | 132 (– 355; 619) | 0.59 | 17 (– 534; 569) | 0.95 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 3878 (932) | 3963 (859) | 84 (– 244; 413) | 0.61 | 138 (– 251; 526) | 0.48 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 3970 (1041) | 4198 (1044) | 229 (– 100; 559) | 0.17 | 171 (– 209; 550) | 0.38 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 3873 (1366) | 3953 (878) | 157 (– 361; 676) | 0.55 | 215 (– 362; 791) | 0.46 | |
GlcCer(d18:2) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 528 (147) | 507 (124) | – 13 (– 61; 35) | 0.59 | – 8 (– 60; 45) | 0.78 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 558 (138) | 611 (159) | 27 (– 28; 82) | 0.33 | 15 (– 47; 77) | 0.47 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 652 (160) | 734 (216) | 86 (15; 158) | 0.02 | 70 (– 13; 152) | 0.10 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 483 (126) | 550 (122) | 68 (22; 113) | 0.004 | 73 (19; 127) | 0.009 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 506 (142) | 614 (185) | 106 (54; 159) | < 0.001 | 86 (26; 146) | 0.005 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 526 (175) | 648 (137) | 136 (64; 209) | < 0.001 | 144 (64; 224) | 0.001 | |
LacCer(d18:1) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 3458 (857) | 3311 (732) | – 132 (– 418; 152) | 0.36 | – 120 (– 431; 191) | 0.45 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 3372 (765) | 3533 (740) | 169 (– 116; 454) | 0.24 | 114 (– 207; 435) | 0.48 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 3457 (752) | 3583 (948) | 149 (– 174; 471) | 0.36 | 0 (– 360; 360) | 1.00 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 3115 (765) | 3308 (716) | 193 (– 81; 467) | 0.17 | 273 (– 50; 595) | 0.10 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 2970 (727) | 3238 (706) | 286 (61; 511) | 0.01 | 287 (28; 546) | 0.03 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 2874 (935) | 2889 (642) | 19 (– 355; 392) | 0.92 | – 13 (– 433; 407) | 0.95 | |
LacCer(d18:2) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 452 (117) | 438 (98) | – 10 (– 48; 28) | 0.61 | – 4 (– 46; 38) | 0.86 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 461 (106) | 526 (125) | 61 (18; 105) | 0.006 | 55 (7; 103) | 0.03 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 492 (112) | 584 (161) | 95 (43; 147) | < 0.001 | 80 (21; 140) | 0.009 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 395 (97) | 458 (106) | 66 (25; 100) | 0.001 | 78 (34; 123) | 0.001 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 386 (97) | 491 (110) | 104 (71; 137) | < 0.001 | 100 (62; 138) | < 0.001 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 396 (108) | 495 (110) | 102 (48; 156) | < 0.001 | 101 (41; 161) | 0.001 | |
CTH(d18:1) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 1004 (270) | 1053 (306) | 62 (– 41; 166) | 0.23 | 66 (– 46; 178) | 0.25 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 1023 (239) | 1100 (263) | 78 (– 17; 173) | 0.11 | 38 (– 69; 145) | 0.48 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 1067 (259) | 1218 (385) | 160 (37; 283) | 0.01 | 89 (– 47; 226) | 0.20 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 950 (258) | 1084 (244) | 133 (40; 226) | 0.005 | 117 (7; 228) | 0.04 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 940 (247) | 1110 (244) | 170 (93; 248) | < 0.001 | 138 (51; 225) | 0.002 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 958 (241) | 1109 (265) | 164 (38; 290) | 0.01 | 164 (32; 297) | 0.02 | |
CTH(d18.2) (nmol/L) | |||||||
Men | Women | Age-adjusted difference | Age-, BMI-, and waist-adjusted difference | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | ||
Dutch | 18–39 years (N = 59/68) | 204 (53) | 234 (67) | 318 (10; 54) | 0.005 | 35 (11; 59) | 0.005 |
40–55 years (N = 57/55) | 215 (57) | 262 (76) | 46 (21; 71) | < 0.001 | 39 (11; 67) | 0.008 | |
56–70 years (N = 58/53) | 235 (57) | 292 (90) | 59 (31; 87) | < 0.001 | 42 (10; 75) | 0.01 | |
South-Asian Surinamese | 18–39 years (N = 53/63) | 208 (53) | 274 (71) | 66 (46; 89) | < 0.001 | 64 (36; 91) | < 0.001 |
40–55 years (N = 75/84) | 206 (61) | 285 (69) | 79 (58; 99) | < 0.001 | 69 (45; 92) | < 0.001 | |
56–70 years (N = 26/49) | 223 (53) | 318 (87) | 99 (61; 137) | < 0.001 | 100 (57; 143) | < 0.001 | |