Fig. 3

Serum starvation acts as a stressor in male and female ECs. a Adherent M-ECs (blue bars) and F-ECs (deep red bars) were measured after an overnight incubation in 20% FBS (solid bars) or 2% FBS (horizontal bars). Data are expressed as crystal violet absorbance (O.D.). ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05 vs 20% FBS in M-ECs and F-ECs, respectively; 2-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test, n = 3. No significant interaction between sexes. b Cell-associated fluorescence was measured in cells treated as in a. Data are expressed as DCFDA fluorescence (A.U.) normalized to the well protein content. ***p < 0.001 vs 20% FBS; 2-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test, n = 3. No significant interaction between sexes. c Representative images of M-EC and F-EC monolayers (left and right panels, respectively) after an overnight incubation in 20% FBS (upper panels) or 2% FBS (lower panels). Arrows indicate cellular debris