From: Sex differences in circulating proteins in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Global (N = 392) | Male (N = 142) | Female (N = 250) | p value | % of missing values | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, median (IQR) | 74.0 (67.5–80.0) | 73.0 (67.0–79.0) | 75.0 (68.0–81.0) | 0.028 | 0 |
Recently decompensated HF, n (%) | 60 (15.3%) | 25 (17.6%) | 35 (14.0%) | 0.34 | 0 |
Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
Never | 205 (52.7%) | 39 (27.9%) | 166 (66.7%) | < 0.001 | 1 |
Former | 150 (38.6%) | 84 (60.0%) | 66 (26.5%) | ||
Current | 34 (8.7%) | 17 (12.1%) | 17 (6.8%) | ||
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 30.6 ± 6.2 | 30.5 ± 5.6 | 30.6 ± 6.5 | 0.79 | 1 |
Alcohol status, n (%) | |||||
Non-consumer | 245 (63.3%) | 73 (52.1%) | 172 (69.6%) | 0.001 | 1 |
1–2 drinks/day | 124 (32.0%) | 56 (40.0%) | 68 (27.5%) | ||
>2 drinks/day | 18 (4.7%) | 11 (7.9%) | 7 (2.8%) | ||
Waist circumference, cm, mean ± SD | 104.8 ± 14.1 | 108.2 ± 13.8 | 102.9 ± 13.9 | 0.001 | 21 |
SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 137.2 ± 23.1 | 137.5 ± 22.3 | 137.0 ± 23.5 | 0.83 | 2 |
DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 74.0 ± 11.6 | 74.7 ± 11.1 | 73.7 ± 11.9 | 0.41 | 2 |
Pulmonary rales, n (%) | 89 (23.0%) | 33 (23.4%) | 56 (22.8%) | 0.89 | 1 |
NYHA class III/IV, n (%) | 73 (18.7%) | 23 (16.2%) | 50 (20.1%) | 0.34 | 0 |
Peripheral edema, n (%) | 178 (45.4%) | 74 (52.1%) | 104 (41.6%) | 0.045 | 1 |
Elevated JVP, n (%) | 24 (6.3%) | 12 (8.7%) | 12 (4.9%) | 0.15 | 3 |
Hepatomegaly, n (%) | 13 (3.6%) | 6 (4.5%) | 7 (3.1%) | 0.68 | 7 |
Fatigue at exertion, n (%) | 305 (79.2%) | 105 (75.5%) | 200 (81.3%) | 0.18 | 2 |
Heart rate, bpm, mean ± SD | 69.4 ± 14.4 | 67.1 ± 12.9 | 70.8 ± 15.0 | 0.016 | 3 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 342 (87.7%) | 121 (86.4%) | 221 (88.4%) | 0.57 | 1 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 117 (31%) | 49 (36%) | 68 (28%) | 0.13 | 3 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 154 (39.3%) | 67 (47.2%) | 87 (34.8%) | 0.016 | 0 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 226 (58.2%) | 75 (53.6%) | 151 (60.9%) | 0.16 | 1 |
Previous HF hospitalization, n (%) | 137 (35.5%) | 65 (46.8%) | 72 (29.1%) | < 0.001 | 2 |
CAD, n (%) | 128 (33.7%) | 73 (52.9%) | 55 (22.7%) | < 0.001 | 3 |
Stroke or TIA, n (%) | 44 (11.3%) | 14 (10.0%) | 30 (12.0%) | 0.54 | 1 |
Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 34 (8.9%) | 18 (13.0%) | 16 (6.5%) | 0.030 | 2 |
COPD, n (%) | 71 (18.4%) | 30 (21.4%) | 41 (16.7%) | 0.25 | 2 |
Laboratory values, mean ± SD | |||||
LDL, mg/dL | 99.8 ± 37.1 | 89.8 ± 30.2 | 104.5 ± 39.1 | < 0.001 | 20 |
HDL, mg/dL | 53.7 ± 19.7 | 47.3 ± 15.5 | 56.8 ± 20.8 | < 0.001 | 19 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 176.1 ± 43.1 | 160.2 ± 35.1 | 183.9 ± 44.6 | < 0.001 | 17 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.0 ± 1.6 | 13.4 ± 1.8 | 12.8 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 | 12 |
Anemia, n (%) | 106 (30.6%) | 46 (39.0%) | 60 (26.3%) | 0.019 | 12 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 66.4 ± 23.1 | 66.4 ± 23.7 | 66.4 ± 22.8 | 1.00 | 6 |
NT-proBNP (in NPX) | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 0.042 | 0 |
Medication prescription rates, n (%) | |||||
ACEi or ARB | 319 (81.4%) | 114 (80.3%) | 205 (82.0%) | 0.67 | 0 |
Beta blockers | 286 (73.0%) | 111 (78.2%) | 175 (70.0%) | 0.080 | 0 |
Thiazide diuretics | 87 (22.3%) | 22 (15.5%) | 65 (26.1%) | 0.015 | 0 |
Loop diuretics | 235 (59.9%) | 89 (62.7%) | 146 (58.4%) | 0.41 | 0 |
MRA | 43 (11.0%) | 16 (11.3%) | 27 (10.8%) | 0.87 | 0 |
Aspirin | 159 (40.6%) | 64 (45.1%) | 95 (38.0%) | 0.17 | 0 |
Insulin | 52 (13.3%) | 26 (18.3%) | 26 (10.4%) | 0.028 | 0 |
Statin | 241 (61.5%) | 96 (67.6%) | 145 (58.0%) | 0.060 | 0 |
Oral anticoagulants | 161 (41.1%) | 57 (40.1%) | 104 (41.6%) | 0.78 | 0 |