Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the MEDIA-DHF cohort according to sex

From: Sex differences in circulating proteins in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

 

Global (N = 392)

Male (N = 142)

Female (N = 250)

p value

% of missing values

Age, years, median (IQR)

74.0 (67.5–80.0)

73.0 (67.0–79.0)

75.0 (68.0–81.0)

0.028

0

Recently decompensated HF, n (%)

60 (15.3%)

25 (17.6%)

35 (14.0%)

0.34

0

Smoking status, n (%)

     

 Never

205 (52.7%)

39 (27.9%)

166 (66.7%)

< 0.001

1

 Former

150 (38.6%)

84 (60.0%)

66 (26.5%)

 Current

34 (8.7%)

17 (12.1%)

17 (6.8%)

BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD

30.6 ± 6.2

30.5 ± 5.6

30.6 ± 6.5

0.79

1

Alcohol status, n (%)

     

 Non-consumer

245 (63.3%)

73 (52.1%)

172 (69.6%)

0.001

1

 1–2 drinks/day

124 (32.0%)

56 (40.0%)

68 (27.5%)

 >2 drinks/day

18 (4.7%)

11 (7.9%)

7 (2.8%)

Waist circumference, cm, mean ± SD

104.8 ± 14.1

108.2 ± 13.8

102.9 ± 13.9

0.001

21

SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD

137.2 ± 23.1

137.5 ± 22.3

137.0 ± 23.5

0.83

2

DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD

74.0 ± 11.6

74.7 ± 11.1

73.7 ± 11.9

0.41

2

Pulmonary rales, n (%)

89 (23.0%)

33 (23.4%)

56 (22.8%)

0.89

1

NYHA class III/IV, n (%)

73 (18.7%)

23 (16.2%)

50 (20.1%)

0.34

0

Peripheral edema, n (%)

178 (45.4%)

74 (52.1%)

104 (41.6%)

0.045

1

Elevated JVP, n (%)

24 (6.3%)

12 (8.7%)

12 (4.9%)

0.15

3

Hepatomegaly, n (%)

13 (3.6%)

6 (4.5%)

7 (3.1%)

0.68

7

Fatigue at exertion, n (%)

305 (79.2%)

105 (75.5%)

200 (81.3%)

0.18

2

Heart rate, bpm, mean ± SD

69.4 ± 14.4

67.1 ± 12.9

70.8 ± 15.0

0.016

3

Hypertension, n (%)

342 (87.7%)

121 (86.4%)

221 (88.4%)

0.57

1

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

117 (31%)

49 (36%)

68 (28%)

0.13

3

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

154 (39.3%)

67 (47.2%)

87 (34.8%)

0.016

0

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

226 (58.2%)

75 (53.6%)

151 (60.9%)

0.16

1

Previous HF hospitalization, n (%)

137 (35.5%)

65 (46.8%)

72 (29.1%)

< 0.001

2

CAD, n (%)

128 (33.7%)

73 (52.9%)

55 (22.7%)

< 0.001

3

Stroke or TIA, n (%)

44 (11.3%)

14 (10.0%)

30 (12.0%)

0.54

1

Peripheral artery disease, n (%)

34 (8.9%)

18 (13.0%)

16 (6.5%)

0.030

2

COPD, n (%)

71 (18.4%)

30 (21.4%)

41 (16.7%)

0.25

2

Laboratory values, mean ± SD

     

 LDL, mg/dL

99.8 ± 37.1

89.8 ± 30.2

104.5 ± 39.1

< 0.001

20

 HDL, mg/dL

53.7 ± 19.7

47.3 ± 15.5

56.8 ± 20.8

< 0.001

19

 Total cholesterol, mg/dL

176.1 ± 43.1

160.2 ± 35.1

183.9 ± 44.6

< 0.001

17

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.0 ± 1.6

13.4 ± 1.8

12.8 ± 1.5

< 0.001

12

 Anemia, n (%)

106 (30.6%)

46 (39.0%)

60 (26.3%)

0.019

12

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

66.4 ± 23.1

66.4 ± 23.7

66.4 ± 22.8

1.00

6

 NT-proBNP (in NPX)

4.2 ± 1.3

4.4 ± 1.4

4.1 ± 1.3

0.042

0

Medication prescription rates, n (%)

     

 ACEi or ARB

319 (81.4%)

114 (80.3%)

205 (82.0%)

0.67

0

 Beta blockers

286 (73.0%)

111 (78.2%)

175 (70.0%)

0.080

0

 Thiazide diuretics

87 (22.3%)

22 (15.5%)

65 (26.1%)

0.015

0

 Loop diuretics

235 (59.9%)

89 (62.7%)

146 (58.4%)

0.41

0

 MRA

43 (11.0%)

16 (11.3%)

27 (10.8%)

0.87

0

 Aspirin

159 (40.6%)

64 (45.1%)

95 (38.0%)

0.17

0

 Insulin

52 (13.3%)

26 (18.3%)

26 (10.4%)

0.028

0

 Statin

241 (61.5%)

96 (67.6%)

145 (58.0%)

0.060

0

 Oral anticoagulants

161 (41.1%)

57 (40.1%)

104 (41.6%)

0.78

0

  1. Legend: HF heart failure, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, CAD coronary artery disease, PAD peripheral artery disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, TIA transient ischemic attack, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, NYHA New York Heart Association, JVP jugular venous pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, NPX normalized protein expression, ASA acetylsalicylic acid, ACEi ACE-inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, BB beta blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, E/e’ the ratio of mitral inflow velocity and early mitral annulus velocity, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, TAPSE tricuspidal annular plane systolic excursion, E/A ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities, LVEDVi left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, LVESVi left ventricular end-systolic volume index, LAVI left atrial volume index, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation