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Table 1 Sample characteristics by APOE4 carrier status and sex

From: Sex differences in Alzheimer’s-related Tau biomarkers and a mediating effect of testosterone

 

APOE4− (n = 79)

APOE4+ (n = 93)

p value (effect size)a

APOE4-

APOE4+

   

Women n = 25

Men n = 54

p value (effect size)a

Women n = 34

Men n = 59

p value (effect size)a

Age, Mean (SD)

76.6 (7.2)

74.0 (6.7)

.02 (.37)

77.0 (6.3)

76.4 (7.7)

.74

71.3 (7.4)

75.6 (5.7)

.002 (.65)

Years of education, Mean (SD)

15.9 (3.0)

15.3 (3.2)

.20

15.7 (2.7)

16.0 (3.1)

.64

14.7 (2.9)

15.6 (3.4)

.17

White, n (%)

76 (96.2%)

91 (97.8%)

.54

25 (100%)

51 (94.4%)

.49

32 (94.1%)

59 (100%)

.06

Cognitive status

  

< .001 (.40)

  

.26

  

.65

Cognitively normal, n (%)

22 (27.8%)

3 (3.2%)

 

10 (40.0%)

12 (22.2%)

 

1 (2.9%)

2 (3.4%)

 

MCI, n (%)

45 (57.0%)

52 (55.9%)

 

12 (48.0%)

33 (61.1%)

 

17 (50.0%)

35 (59.3%)

 

AD dementia, n (%)

12 (15.2%)

38 (40.9%)

 

3 (12.0%)

9 (16.7%)

 

16 (47.1%)

22 (37.3%)

 

Global cognition (MMSE), Mean (SD)

27.1 (2.2)

25.8 (2.5)

< .001 (.55)

27.6 (2.2)

26.9 (2.2)

.15

25.6 (2.5)

25.9 (2.5)

.56

BMI, Mean (SD)

26.5 (4.0)

25.8 (3.7)

.28

25.7 (4.9)

26.8 (3.5)

.24

25.5 (4.0)

26.0 (3.6)

.55

Self-reported history of cardiovascular events, n (%)

61 (77.2%)

62 (66.7%)

.13

16 (64.0%)

45 (83.3%)

.06

23 (67.6%)

39 (66.1%)

.88

Pulse pressureb, Mean (SD)

61.0 (18.1)

59.1 (14.7)

.41

61.9 (23.9)

60.8 (15.0)

.80

58.9 (15.8)

59.2 (14.1)

.93

Plasma total testosterone levelc (ng/mL), Mean (SD)

0.2 (0.4)

0.1 (0.5)

.09

− 0.3 (0.4)

0.5 (0.1)

< .001 (2.74)

− 0.4 (0.4)

0.4 (0.2)

< .001 (2.53)

Plasma free testosterone levelc (ng/mL), Mean (SD)

13.4 (24.8)

6.5 (27.7)

.09

− 16.9 (19.5)

27.5 (9.8)

< .001 (2.9)

− 22.0 (22.7)

23.0 (13.0)

< .001 (2.4)

CSF p-Tau181 level (pg/mL), Mean (SD)

26.8 (13.1)

35.9 (17.2)

< .001 (.59)

23.5 (8.6)

28.3 (14.5)

.13

43.7 (22.6)

31.5 (11.1)

.001 (0.68)

CSF Aβ1-42 level (pg/mL), Mean (SD)

1240.4 (702.9)

639.1 (292.2)

< .001 (1.12)

1286.7 (765.1)

1218.9 (678.7)

.69

658.7 (627.8)

627.8 (327.0)

.63

  1. aEffect sizes are provided for significant differences; Cohen’s d is provided for mean differences (0.2 = small, 0.5 = medium, 0.8 = large) and a phi coefficient is provided for differences in proportions (0.1 = small, 0.3 = medium, 0.5 = large)
  2. bPulse pressure = systolic − diastolic blood pressure
  3. cTestosterone levels were normalized based on a Box-Cox transformation. MCI mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer’s disease, APOE4 apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele, MMSE Mini Mental Status Examination, BMI body mass index, CSF cerebrospinal fluid
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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