Fig. 2
From: Androgens’ effects on cerebrovascular function in health and disease
Effects of androgens on cerebrovascular function. Green arrows represent promotion of the function, while red lines with rectangles at ends represent inhibition of the function. Mechanisms by which these effects have been shown to occur in the cerebral vasculature are listed along the lines. COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; CLDN5, claudin-5; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; HIF-1α, hypoxia- inducible factor 1-alpha; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; TXA2, thromboxane A2; SRT1, Sirtuin 1; VCID, vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF-R2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; ZO1, tight junction protein ZO-1