Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients

Santinelli, Letizia; Ceccarelli, Giancarlo; Borrazzo, Cristian; Innocenti, Giuseppe Pietro; Frasca, Federica; Cavallari, Eugenio Nelson; Celani, Luigi; Nonne, Chiara; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria; d’Ettorre, Gabriella

doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00302-x

Table 3 Differences in immune-activation markers between the gut and PBMC

	All (PBMC)	All (GUT)		Male (PBMC)	Male (GUT)		Female (PBMC)	Female (GUT)
Markers	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE	pvalue	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE	pvalue	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE	pvalue
CD4⁺naïve CD38⁺	15.82 ± 4.07	18.92 ± 3.70	0.575	7.49 ± 1.25	17.79 ± 3.02	0.006	25.08 ± 4.97	20.18 ± 4.51	0.472
CD4⁺naïve CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺	1.75 ± 0.70	8.97 ± 1.92	0.001	0.54 ± 0.15	9.59 ± 1.68	0.001	3.10 ± 0.88	8.28 ± 2.26	0.047
CD4⁺naïve HLA-DR⁺	4.97 ± 2.21	17.21 ± 2.45	0.001	2.56 ± 0.46	17.94 ± 2.14	0.001	7.65 ± 2.95	16.39 ± 2.87	0.044
CD4⁺TCM CD38⁺	10.89 ± 2.71	12.69 ± 2.51	0.628	10.14 ± 0.77	14.17 ± 2.24	0.108	11.72 ± 3.75	11.05 ± 2.85	0.889
CD4⁺TCM CD38⁺HLA-DR+	1.47 ± 0.23	5.89 ± 1.67	0.014	1.5 ± 0.20	8.78 ± 1.99	0.003	1.44 ± 0.59	2.68 ± 0.63	0.164
CD4⁺TCM HLA-DR+	2.94 ± 2.88	13.60 ± 2.89	0.012	7.34 ± 2.16	14.25 ± 2.15	0.032	6.12 ± 1.17	12.88 ± 3.68	0.100
CD4⁺TEM CD38⁺	4.35 ± 0.70	10.50 ± 2.03	0.007	4.65 ± 0.68	11.03 ± 1.88	0.005	4.02 ± 0.83	9.91 ± 2.29	0.028
CD4⁺TEM CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺	2.30 ± 0.30	6.02 ± 1.32	0.010	2.60 ± 0.32	6.26 ± 1.56	0.036	1.96 ± 0.44	5.74 ± 1.08	0.005
CD4⁺TEM HLA-DR⁺	11.96 ± 1.26	20.18 ± 2.43	0.005	11.52 ± 1.08	16.94 ± 2.23	0.041	12.46 ± 1.77	23.77 ± 2.43	0.001
CD8⁺naïve CD38⁺	12.45 ± 3.31	7.71 ± 1.92	0.223	5.99 ± 0.76	7.60 ± 1.93	0.448	19.63 ± 3.94	7.83 ± 2.02	0.015
CD8⁺naïve CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺	1.36 ± 0.35	6.85 ± 1.71	0.004	0.76 ± 0.15	5.18 ± 1.26	0.004	2.02 ± 0.43	8.72 ± 2.06	0.006
CD8⁺naïve HLA-DR⁺	4.38 ± 0.77	21.68 ± 3.87	0.001	3.75 ± 0.39	17.33 ± 1.57	0.001	5.07 ± 1.01	26.52 ± 5.25	0.001
CD8⁺TCM CD38⁺	6.13 ± 2.10	9.72 ± 2.16	0.240	4.30 ± 0.79	10.42 ± 2.07	0.013	8.16 ± 2.79	8.94 ± 2.36	0.834
CD8⁺TCM CD38⁺HLA-DR+	4.09 ± 0.69	9.32 ± 2.22	0.032	5.10 ± 0.76	9.83 ± 2.26	0.064	2.96 ± 0.48	8.74 ± 2.31	0.027
CD8⁺TCM HLA-DR+	8.54 ± 1.51	20.23 ± 3.88	0.008	8.81 ± 1.58	18.52 ± 1.77	0.001	8.24 ± 1.45	22.14 ± 5.47	0.027
CD8⁺TEM CD38⁺	6.50 ± 2.56	14.77 ± 2.64	0.029	3.74 ± 0.40	15.75 ± 2.56	0.001	9.57 ± 3.49	13.67 ± 2.84	0.372
CD8⁺TEM CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺	4.25 ± 0.58	13.33 ± 2.89	0.004	4.11 ± 0.57	12.36 ± 3.10	0.020	4.41 ± 0.60	14.40 ± 2.81	0.003
CD8⁺TEM HLA-DR⁺	11.40 ± 1.27	19.88 ± 3.55	0.031	10.82 ± 1.24	15.08 ± 1.89	0.072	12.05 ± 1.52	25.21 ± 4.50	0.013
CD4⁺naïve Th1	1.84 ± 0.81	5.26 ± 2.05	0.129	2.21 ± 1.10	2.09 ± 0.87	0.933	1.42 ± 0.33	8.78 ± 2.61	0.014
CD4⁺naïve Th17	0.01 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.07	0.030	0.01 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.04	0.203	0.01 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.09	0.005
CD4⁺naïve Th1 Th17	0.13 ± 0.02	2.37 ± 0.67	0.003	0.13 ± 0.03	1.82 ± 0.66	0.023	0.14 ± 0.02	2.97 ± 0.69	0.001
CD4⁺TCM Th1	10.87 ± 3.41	20.77 ± 4.50	0.086	9.38 ± 3.93	12.31 ± 3.11	0.564	12.53 ± 2.91	30.17 ± 4.70	0.004
CD4⁺TCM Th17	0.06 ± 0.02	1.57 ± 0.47	0.004	0.03 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.34	0.023	0.09 ± 0.03	2.30 ± 0.55	0.001
CD4⁺TCM Th1 Th17	0.46 ± 0.11	3.20 ± 1.08	0.018	0.38 ± 0.10	1.32 ± 0.32	0.015	0.55 ± 0.13	5.29 ± 1.38	0.004
CD4⁺TEM Th1	15.03 ± 4.39	18.79 ± 4.82	0.567	10.92 ± 4.67	7.34 ± 2.05	0.491	19.59 ± 4.00	31.51 ± 4.95	0.073
CD4⁺TEM Th17	0.13 ± 0.04	1.94 ± 0.67	0.012	0.07 ± 0.03	0.56 ± 0.20	0.039	0.2 ± 0.05	3.49 ± 0.80	0.001
CD4⁺TEM Th1 Th17	0.49 ± 0.13	3.54 ± 1.34	0.032	0.26 ± 0.06	0.93 ± 0.33	0.073	0.74 ± 0.16	6.43 ± 1.65	0.004
CD8⁺naïve Tc1	7.99 ± 2.70	21.18 ± 6.03	0.053	5.87 ± 2.65	10.75 ± 3.33	0.263	10.33 ± 2.77	32.76 ± 7.09	0.009
CD8⁺naïve Tc17	0.04 ± 0.03	0.27 ± 0.10	0.045	0.01 ± 0.00	0.10 ± 0.03	0.053	0.07 ± 0.04	0.46 ± 0.13	0.014
CD8⁺naïve Tc1 Tc17	0.15 ± 0.05	0.99 ± 0.42	0.057	0.09 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.16	0.025	0.22 ± 0.07	1.53 ± 0.57	0.040
CD8⁺TCM Tc1	26.81 ± 7.59	32.40 ± 6.84	0.587	19.82 ± 7.73	21.59 ± 5.05	0.849	34.58 ± 7.33	44.41 ± 7.48	0.357
CD8⁺TCM Tc17	0.14 ± 0.07	0.36 ± 0.12	0.135	0.08 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.09	0.216	0.21 ± 0.10	0.53 ± 0.14	0.081
CD8⁺TCM Tc1 Tc17	0.26 ± 0.12	0.51 ± 0.14	0.220	0.13 ± 0.04	0.33 ± 0.11	0.136	0.42 ± 0.17	0.71 ± 0.16	0.240
CD8⁺TEM Tc1	26.30 ± 7.46	30.65 ± 7.30	0.678	18.13 ± 7.81	13.99 ± 3.61	0.636	35.37 ± 6.70	49.15 ± 7.52	0.183
CD8⁺TEM Tc17	0.03 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.14	0.084	0.01 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.10	0.301	0.06 ± 0.01	0.47 ± 0.17	0.028
CD8⁺TEM Tc1 Tc17	0.07 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.15	0.026	0.03 ± 0.00	0.30 ± 0.13	0.055	0.12 ± 0.04	0.59 ± 0.17	0.019

Columns show marker name, mean ± sigma values of each marker expressed in the gut and PBMC of all patients, men and women, p value. The statistical significance is achieved when p < 0.05^†. Statistical differences between the gut and PBMC were evaluated using Student’s t tests

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