Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, by sex (n = 2736)

Sex (n, % of total)

1192, 44%

1544, 56%

Age in years (mean ± SD, min–max)

37.58 ± 10.64, 18–69

39.12 ± 11.14, 17–76

< 0.001***

Type of MAT (n, % of total on Methadone)

1008, 85%

1313, 85%

0.731

Type of MAT (n, % of total on Buprenorphine)

184, 15%

231, 15%

0.731

Methadone dose; mg/day

(mean ± SD, min–max)

68.30 ± 40.13, 0–320

73.23 ± 45.05, 2–405

0.006**

Buprenorphine dose; mg/day

(mean ± SD, min–max)

12.31 ± 7.24, 1–40

11.82 ± 6.74, 0–32

0.478

Years on MAT (median, IQR, min–max)

2, 4.71, 0–40

2, 4.42, 0–33

0.432

New to MAT; < 1 year (n, % of total)

436, 43%

564, 43%

0.904

Percentage of opioid-positive urine drug screens

(mean ± SD)

18.15% ± 26.49

19.42% ± 27.88

0.228

Physical symptoms (mean score ± SD)

16.50 ± 7.70

13.62 ± 7.74

< 0.001***

Psychological symptoms (mean score ± SD)

14.01 ± 9.55

11.37 ± 8.64

< 0.001***

Unemployed (n, % of total)

882, 74%

902, 58%

< 0.001***

Any crime (n, % of total)

92, 8%

177, 11%

0.001**

Episodes of crime per month, in those who commit crime (median, IQR)

4, 25

9, 88

0.032*

Any conflict (n, % of total)

550, 46%

533, 35%

< 0.001***

Percentage of contact time spent in conflict, in those reporting conflict (median, IQR)

8.45%, 26.10%

7.69%, 20.20%

0.596