Table 1 Effects of endogenous low testosterone and testosterone supplementation on vascular aging and cardiovascular disease risk
From: Sex differences in vascular aging in response to testosterone
Women | Endogenous low total testosterone | Testosterone supplementation | ||
Perimenopausal | Postmenopausal | Perimenopausal | Postmenopausal | |
Cardiovascular disease risk | -- | ↑ | -- | -- |
Endothelial function | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Brachial artery FMD | ↓ | ↑ | -- | ↑ |
 Digital peripheral artery tonomety | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Arterial stiffness | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Pulse wave velocity | ↔ | ↔ | -- | -- |
 Augmentation index | ↔ | ↔ | -- | -- |
 Arterial compliance | ↔ | ↔ | -- | -- |
Men | Endogenous low total testosterone | Testosterone supplementation | ||
Middle age | Older | Middle age | Older | |
Cardiovascular disease risk | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↔ |
Endothelial function | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Brachial artery FMD | ↓↑ | ↓↑ | ↔ | ↔↑ |
 Digital peripheral artery tonomety | ↓↑ | ↓↑ | ↔ | ↔ |
Arterial stiffness | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Pulse wave velocity | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ |
 Augmentation index | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ |
Arterial compliance | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |