Fig. 1

Comparison of the expression of dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer between male and female rats by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and proximity ligation assay (PLA). a Co-IP of D1R with anti-D2R antibody from NAc and CPu of male (M) and female (F) rats, followed by western blot to visualize D1R. b Western blot analysis of D1R in NAc and CPu in both sexes. c Western blot analysis of D2R in NAc and CPu of both sexes. d Quantification of Co-IP and WB results from a–c. N = 3–4 rats/group for Co-IP and N = 6 rats/group for WB. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 using t test. e Confocal images and insets (left) and quantification (right) of D1-D2 PLA signal in NAc and CPu of male and female rat. N = 6 rats/group, ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post-test comparisons. **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. f Confocal images (left) and quantification (right) of D1-D2 PLA signal in the caudate and putamen nuclei of male and female African Green monkey. N = 3 animals/group. ***p < 0.0001 using t test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM