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Table 5 Risk of ESRD and death in men compared with women after diagnosis of renal involvements

From: Sex differences in clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus

EventNo. eventsPerson-yearsIncidence rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI)Risk estimate (male sex)Median time to event, years1
MenWomenMenWomenMenWomenHazard ratio95% CIMenWomen
ESRD1115568265419.35.75.12.1–12.51414
Death1033660283915.211.61.70.8–3.88.535
  1. 1In individuals experiencing the event
  2. ESRD, end-stage renal disease