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Table 3 Placental endpoints at gestation day 21

From: Fetal growth outcomes following peri-implantation exposure of Long-Evans rats to noise and ozone differ by sex

 

Placental endpoint

ANOVA

A + Q

A + N

O3 + Q

O3 + N

Males

Placental weight (mg)

–

0.46 ± 0.01

0.43 ± 0.01

0.46 ± 0.02

0.45 ± 0.01

Placental efficiency

Ozone

8.16 ± 0.29

8.28 ± 0.19

7.52 ± 0.26

7.73 ± 0.17

Glucose (ng/mg)

–

83.4 ± 4.20

81.8 ± 3.88

88.6 ± 2.72

85.5 ± 3.71

Protein (μg/mg)

Interaction

72.6 ± 1.83

69.3 ± 2.53

65.8 ± 2.56

72.9 ± 2.02

Cholesterol (ng/mg)

–

13.6 ± 0.38

12.7 ± 0.43

13.1 ± 0.48

12.6 ± 0.44

Triglycerides (ng/mg)

–

11.8 ± 0.31

11.6 ± 0.42

12.3 ± 0.58

11.4 ± 0.44

GPx activity (mIU/mg)

–

7.46 ± 0.34

6.73 ± 0.31

7.13 ± 0.33

7.29 ± 0.32

SOD activity (mU/mg)

Ozone

6.45 ± 0.32

6.27 ± 0.28

5.91 ± 0.18

5.52 ± 0.26*

TAS (nmol/mg)

–

12.7 ± 0.49

12.4 ± 0.42

13.1 ± 0.43

12.9 ± 0.55

Females

Placental weight (mg)

–

0.43 ± 0.01

0.43 ± 0.01

0.43 ± 0.01

0.45 ± 0.01

Placental efficiency

Ozone

8.12 ± 0.25

7.87 ± 0.19

7.65 ± 0.13

7.59 ± 0.17

Glucose (ng/mg)

Interaction

81.0 ± 4.25

66.1 ± 2.46*

82.2 ± 3.74

86.6 ± 5.38

Protein (μg/mg)

–

70.7 ± 2.35

64.2 ± 1.42

68.3 ± 2.18

70.8 ± 2.87

Cholesterol (ng/mg)

–

12.3 ± 0.49

11.7 ± 0.35

12.3 ± 0.41

13.3 ± 0.45

Triglycerides (ng/mg)

–

12.0 ± 0.56

12.7 ± 0.72

12.2 ± 0.53

12.7 ± 0.57

GPx activity (mIU/mg)

–

7.00 ± 0.36

6.03 ± 0.25

6.51 ± 0.26

6.71 ± 0.34

SOD activity (mU/mg)

Noise

5.19 ± 0.24

4.54 ± 0.22

5.33 ± 0.20

5.02 ± 0.27

TAS (nmol/mg)

Ozone

12.3 ± 0.50

10.8 ± 0.29

12.6 ± 0.39

12.6 ± 0.61

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard error (n = 12/group/sex). Male placental efficiency (fetal weight/placental weight in mg) were analyzed by Dunn’s post-test. All other endpoints were normalized to sample weight and analyzed by Dunnett’s post-test within a two-way ANOVA. A significant (main) effect or interaction determined by two-way ANOVA for each endpoint is detailed in the third column. *p < 0.05 vs. A + Q group
  2. A + Q air + quiet, A + N air + noise, O3 + Q ozone + quiet, O3 + N ozone + noise, GPx glutathione peroxidase, SOD superoxide dismutase, TAS total antioxidant status