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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, laboratory results, and sex differences between 124 women and 161 men with T1D

From: Female sex, high soluble CD163, and low HDL-cholesterol were associated with high galectin-3 binding protein in type 1 diabetes

Variables

All patients

Women

Men

 

n = 285

n = 124

n = 161

p valuea

Age (years)

42 (32, 51; 18–59)

41 (30, 50()

43 (32, 52)

0.10

Diabetes duration (years)

20 (11, 30; 1–55)

19 (11, 29)

21 (11, 32)

0.27

Gal3BP b (mg/l)

2.3 (1.8, 3.1; 0.8–8.9)

2.6 (1.9, 3.6)

2.1 (1.6, 2.8)

< 0.001

sCD163 (mg/l) c

0.4 (0.3, 0.5; 0.2–1.9)

0.4 (0.3, 0.6)

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

0.78

Galectin-3 (μg/l)

0.9 (0.6–1.7; 0.001–100)

0.9 (0.5, 1.4)

0.9 (0.6, 2.0)

0.15

HbA1c

 mmol/mol

63 (54, 71; 25–110)

64 (54, 72)

63 (54, 69)

0.33

 %

7.9 (7.1, 8.6; 4.4–12.2)

8.0 (7.1, 8.7)

7.9 (7.1, 8.5)

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.6 (4.1, 5.1; 2.1–10.9)

4.6 (4.1, 5.4)

4.5 (4.0, 5.1)

0.13

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.9 (0.7, 1.3; 0.1–5.9)

0.8 (0.6, 1.3)

0.9 (0.7, 1.3)

0.32

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.8 (2.4, 3.3; 0.6–8.3)

2.8 (2.4, 3.4)

2.8 (2.4, 3.3)

0.79

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.5 (1.3, 1.8; 0.3–2.7)

1.6 (1.4, 1.9)

1.4 (1.2, 1.7)

0.003

Creatinine (μmol/l) d

70 (62, 182; 28–182)

62 (54, 70)

74 (68, 82)

< 0.001

Abdominal obesity e

47 (17)

34 (28)

13 (8)

< 0.001f

General obesity g

34 (12)

22 (18)

12 (8)

0.009 f

Systolic BP (mmHg)

20 (110, 130; 90–160)

120 (110, 130)

125 (120, 130)

< 0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

70 (70, 76; 55–100)

70 (65, 75)

70 (70, 80)

< 0.001

Smoking h

27 (10)

10 (9)

17 (11)

0.55 f

Physical inactivity i

29 (11)

12 (10)

17 (11)

> 0.99 f

Depression

30 (10)

14 (11)

16 (10)

0.85 f

Cardiovascular complications

10 (4)

4 (3)

6 (4)

> 0.99 f

Diabetes retinopathy j

205 (72)

88 (72)

117 (73)

0.79 f

Foot complications k

47 (17)

13 (11)

34 (22)

0.023 f

Antidepressants

23 (8)

12 (10)

11 (7)

0.39 f

Antihypertensive drugs

96 (34)

35 (28)

61 (38)

0.10 f

Lipid lowering drugs

133 (47)

55 (44)

78 (48)

0.55 f

  1. a Mann-Whitney U test unless otherwise indicated. b galectin-3 binding protein. f Fisher’s Exact test. Missing values (N) (all/women/men): c 1/1/0; d 13/6/7; e 6/3/3; g 2/2/0; h, i 17/9/8; j 2/1/1; k 12/7/5
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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