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Table 3 The influence of spousal risk factors on type 2 diabetes development; Tehran Lipid and Glucose study (TLGS) (1999–2018)

From: Sex differences in the association between spousal metabolic risk factors with incidence of type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal study of the Iranian population

Spousal risk factor

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Men (n = 1833)

 BMI (kg/m2)

1.02 (1.00–1.05)*

1.02 (1.00–1.05)*

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

 Waist circumference (cm)

1.01 (0.99–1.01)

1.01 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

 SBP (mmHg)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)*

1.01 (1.00–1.01)*

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

 DBP (mmHg)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)*

1.01 (1.00–1.02)*

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

 TG/HDL-C

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

1.02 (0.95–1.10)

 Type 2 diabetes

1.07 (0.75–1.53)

1.06 (0.74–1.52)

1.03 (0.72–1.48)

1.05 (0.73–1.50)

Women (n = 1952)

 BMI (kg/m2)

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

 Waist circumference (cm)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)*

1.01 (1.00–1.02)*

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

 SBP (mmHg)

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

 DBP (mmHg)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

 TG/HDL-C

1.01 (0.97–1.04)

1.01 (0.97–1.04)

0.99 (0.96–1.04)

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

 Type 2 diabetes

1.34 (1.01–1.79)*

1.33 (1.00–1.78)*

1.38 (1.03–1.84)*

1.23 (0.92–1.64)

  1. Model 1, adjusted for age
  2. Model 2, adjusted for factors in model 1 + SES
  3. Model 3, adjusted for factors in model 2 + index individual’s risk factor + FH-DM + PAL. Models including blood pressure (SBP and DBP) or lipid levels (TG/HDL-C) were further adjusted for antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication, respectively
  4. Model 4, adjusted for factors in model 3 + index individual’s BMI
  5. Models including type 2 diabetes, as exposure, were adjusted for the value of index individual’s FPG
  6. *Significant results at the level of 0.05
  7. BMI body mass index, FH-DM family history of diabetes mellitus, PAL physical activity level, FPG fasting plasma glucose, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TG/HDL-C triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, SES socioeconomic status defined as the highest level of educational attainment, at the couple level