Table 1 Sample characteristics
Variables | Men (n = 53) | Premenopausal women (n = 38) | Postmenopausal women (n = 31) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)*** | 44.5 ± 11.3 | 37.8 ± 9.3 | 55.3 ± 4.5 |
Years of schooling | 16.1 ± 3.1 | 16.1 ± 2.5 | 15.9 ± 2.6 |
Family income1 | |||
 < 30,000$ CDN | 11 (21.6%) | 6 (15.8%) | 8 (25.8%) |
 30,000–59,999$ | 19 (37.3%) | 15 (39.5%) | 12 (38.7%) |
 ≥ 60,000$ | 21 (41.2%) | 17 (44.7%) | 11 (35.5%) |
Health habits | |||
 Smoking, n (%) | 8 (15%) | 6 (16%) | 1 (3%) |
 Exercise (yes/no)+ | 38 (72%) | 22 (58%) | 26 (84%) |
 Exercise (hours/week)* | 4.3 ± 4.6 | 2.2 ± 2.8 | 4.1 ± 2.7 |
Metabolic activity | |||
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 3.8 | 24.9 ± 5.2 | 25.4 ± 4.0 |
 Waist circumference (cm)* | 90.2 ± 9.9 | 84.6 ± 13.0 | 83.8 ± 11.2 |
 LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)** | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.8 |
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)*** | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
 Fasting glucose (mmol/L)** | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.8 |
 Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 47.9 ± 30.5 | 43.3 ± 21.2 | 48.4 ± 34.8 |
Ambulatory BP | |||
 Day SBP (mmHg)** | 120.1 ± 8.2 | 113.5 ± 9.3 | 116.5 ± 9.5 |
 Day DBP (mmHg)** | 74.5 ± 6.4 | 69.9 ± 7.4 | 73.1 ± 8.0 |
 Night SBP (mmHg) | 107.8 ± 10.5 | 103.7 ± 12.2 | 103.7 ± 10.4 |
 Night DBP (mmHg) | 62.5 ± 8.3 | 59.7 ± 8.6 | 62.1 ± 8.7 |
Inflammatory markers | |||
 CRP (mg/L) | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 2.1 | 1.9 ± 2.2 |
 TNF-α (ng/L)+ | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
 IL-6 (ng/L)+ | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
 MPO (μg/L) | 53.6 ± 17.7 | 53.6 ± 14.1 | 53.6 ± 16.8 |
Questionnaires | |||
 BDI-II score | 6.3 ± 7.9 | 7.7 ± 8.0 | 6.6 ± 7.5 |
 PSQI overall score | 5.6 ± 2.9 | 4.8 ± 2.9 | 6.5 ± 4.1 |
 PSQI > 5, n (%) | 25 (47%) | 15 (40%) | 15 (48%) |