Sex differences in gray matter volume: how many and how large are they really?

Table 3 Correlations between sex differences in each adjusted dataset and the between-group differences in the criterial subsamples

	VBM8	Proportion	Covariate regression	PCP	Residuals
TIV-matched (sex effect)	− 0.177^$	− 0.179^$	0.722***	0.648***	0.722***
Only males (TIV effect)	− 0.211*	− 0.205*	0.085	0.103	0.085
Only females (TIV effect)	− 0.250**	− 0.241**	0.059	0.070	0.059
Raw (TIV and sex effects)	− 0.529***	− 0.640***	− 0.022	− 0.064	− 0.022

Correlations between the p values of the sex differences obtained in each adjusted dataset and the p values of the between-group differences observed in the three criterial subsamples. Spearman’s rho rank correlations were calculated using the ordering of the p values of the sex differences obtained in each adjusted dataset and the group effects observed in criterial subsamples, providing unbiased estimations of sex (TIV-matched subsample) and TIV (only-males and only-females subsamples) effects. For comparison purposes, the correlations with the p values of the sex differences observed in raw gray matter volumes are also provided (^$p < 0.06, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.1⁻⁸)

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