Fig. 1

Cell viability (upper panel) determined by analysis of dehydrogenases of metabolically active cells and apoptosis (lower panel) defined by cleavage of the caspase-3-specific substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC in HBMEC under unstimulated conditions (control) or following treatment with TNFα (20 ng/ml), THR (2 U/ml), or staurosporine (Staur), as a positive control (0.5 μM for upper panel and 0.1 μM for lower panel) for 20 h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05: vs same sex untreated, controlled cells, by paired t test; †, vs same parameter in male cells, by two-tailed t test. N = 4 for each condition