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Table 1 Summary of sex-related differences in Siah2KO adipose tissue

From: Siah2 modulates sex-dependent metabolic and inflammatory responses in adipose tissue to a high-fat diet challenge

Siah2KO phenotype

Females (compared to WT and HFD unless otherwise noted)

Males (compared to WT and HFD unless otherwise noted)

Body composition

 Baseline fat mass (WT and KO)

Higher than males

Lower than females

 Rate of gonadal fat mass gain (WT)

Lower than males

Higher than females

 Rate of gonadal fat mass gain (KO)

Higher than males

Lower than females

 Fat mass gain in BAT

Higher

Lower

 BAT relative to body weight (WT and KO)

Higher than males

Lower than females

 Adipocyte size

Larger

Larger

 Percent fat mass at 4 months

Higher than males

Lower than females

 Body weight, LFD

Higher

Higher

 Body weight, HFD

Attenuated vs. WT

Higher

Biochemical measurements

 Glucose tolerance

Tolerant

Tolerant23

 Insulin tolerance

Tolerant

Tolerant23

 Fasting glucose

Unchanged

Lower23

 Fasting insulin, LFD

Higher

Unchanged23

 Fasting insulin, HFD

Unchanged

Lower23

 Circulating free fatty acids

Unchanged (LFD), lower (HFD)

Lower23 (LFD and HFD)

Circulating triglycerides

Unchanged

Lower23

Inflammation and fibrosis markers in gWAT

 Crown-like structures

Fewer

Fewer

 Adipose fibrosis

Lower

Lower

 Macrophage marker (F4/80, CD68, CD11b)

No change

Lower23

 M1-macrophage marker (CD11c)

Lower

Lower23

 M2-macrophage marker (Ym1, Arg1, IL4)

Higher

Higher (Arg1)23

 Pro-inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL6, Ccl2, Ccr2)

Unchanged

Lower23

 Pai-1, Saa3 gene expression

Unchanged

Lower23

 Gdf3 gene expression

Lower

Lower23

Thermogenesis markers in BAT

 ER-α/ERR-γ gene expression

Higher

No change

 ER-α/ERR-γ protein expression

Lower

No change

 PCG1α, Dio2, Ucp1 gene expression

Higher

No change

 PCG1α, Dio2, Ucp1 protein expression

Higher

No change

  1. BAT brown adipose tissue, gWAT gonadal white adipose tissue, LFD low-fat diet, HFD high-fat diet, KO Siah2 global knockout, WT wild-type
  2. 23Data reported in reference [23]