Siah2KO phenotype | Females (compared to WT and HFD unless otherwise noted) | Males (compared to WT and HFD unless otherwise noted) |
---|---|---|
Body composition | ||
 Baseline fat mass (WT and KO) | Higher than males | Lower than females |
 Rate of gonadal fat mass gain (WT) | Lower than males | Higher than females |
 Rate of gonadal fat mass gain (KO) | Higher than males | Lower than females |
 Fat mass gain in BAT | Higher | Lower |
 BAT relative to body weight (WT and KO) | Higher than males | Lower than females |
 Adipocyte size | Larger | Larger |
 Percent fat mass at 4 months | Higher than males | Lower than females |
 Body weight, LFD | Higher | Higher |
 Body weight, HFD | Attenuated vs. WT | Higher |
Biochemical measurements | ||
 Glucose tolerance | Tolerant | Tolerant23 |
 Insulin tolerance | Tolerant | Tolerant23 |
 Fasting glucose | Unchanged | Lower23 |
 Fasting insulin, LFD | Higher | Unchanged23 |
 Fasting insulin, HFD | Unchanged | Lower23 |
 Circulating free fatty acids | Unchanged (LFD), lower (HFD) | Lower23 (LFD and HFD) |
Circulating triglycerides | Unchanged | Lower23 |
Inflammation and fibrosis markers in gWAT | ||
 Crown-like structures | Fewer | Fewer |
 Adipose fibrosis | Lower | Lower |
 Macrophage marker (F4/80, CD68, CD11b) | No change | Lower23 |
 M1-macrophage marker (CD11c) | Lower | Lower23 |
 M2-macrophage marker (Ym1, Arg1, IL4) | Higher | Higher (Arg1)23 |
 Pro-inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL6, Ccl2, Ccr2) | Unchanged | Lower23 |
 Pai-1, Saa3 gene expression | Unchanged | Lower23 |
 Gdf3 gene expression | Lower | Lower23 |
Thermogenesis markers in BAT | ||
 ER-α/ERR-γ gene expression | Higher | No change |
 ER-α/ERR-γ protein expression | Lower | No change |
 PCG1α, Dio2, Ucp1 gene expression | Higher | No change |
 PCG1α, Dio2, Ucp1 protein expression | Higher | No change |