Fig. 15

Intra-ARC N/OFQ alters energy intake and expenditure in a diet- and EB-dependent fashion. N/OFQ (0.3 nmol) significantly increased cumulative energy intake (a) in chow-fed wildtype, OVX female mice, which was further potentiated in HFD-fed animals compared to saline-treated controls. It also increased meal frequency (b), meal size (c) and rate of consumption (d) , and for b and d, these effects were significantly influenced in a diet- and EB-dependent fashion. In addition, it decreased indices of energy expenditure including O₂ consumption (e), CO₂ production (f), and metabolic heat production (g), which in the case of e is significantly accentuated by HFD and attenuated across the board by EB. Bars represent means and lines 1 S.E.M. of the cumulative food intake, meal frequency, meal size, rate of consumption, O₂ consumption, CO₂ production, and metabolic heat production, seen in OVX oil- or EB-treated female mice, injected with either N/OFQ (0.3 nmol; n = 6), or its filtered 0.9% saline vehicle (0.2 μL; n = 6) *p < 0.05 relative to saline vehicle; repeated-measures, multi-factorial ANOVA/LSD; #p < 0.05 relative to chow-fed controls; repeated-measures, multi-factorial ANOVA/LSD; ^p < 0.05 relative to sesame oil vehicle; repeated-measures, multi-factorial ANOVA/LSD