Table 2 Sex-related differences in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy in adult cancer patients
From: Clinical and preclinical evidence of sex-related differences in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity
Adult studies | Number of patients | Age at diagnosis | Time after chemo-therapy | Anthracycline dose | Major conclusion/comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Von Hoff et al. [82] | 4018 | Mainly adult population (10% < 18 years) | 0–231 days | 13–5047 mg/m2 Mean = 240 mg/m2 Median = 183 mg/m2 | No effect of sex |
Hrushesky et al. [83] | 34 | 19–78 | 2 years | 300–550 mg/m2 | Higher ratio of females developed CHF (7 out of 24, compared to 1 out of 10) Confounding factors of sex-dependent diagnosis and DOX dose. |
Clements et al. [45] | 33 | Mean age of 55 ± 14 | Within 1 year after the onset of treatment | 40–618 mg/m2 Mean = 223 mg/m2 | Male sex was an independent risk factor for development of systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction early after initiation of DOX |
Limat et al. [84] | 151 | 25–79 Median age of 59 | 1 year | 50–400 mg/m2 Median = 290 mg/m2 | No effect of sex |
Hequet et al. [46] | 141 | 15–69 Median 47 | At least 5 years | 250–550 mg/m2 Median = 300 mg/m2 | Male sex was a risk factor for subclinical cardiomyopathy |
Elbl et al. [85] | 47 | 18–76 Mean of 49 | 1 year | 50–400 mg/m2 Mean = 277 mg/m2 | Sex was not a risk factor for either drop in EF > 10% or all cardiac events |
Hershman et al. [50] | 4001 | > 65 | 8 years | NA | No difference (elderly population) |
Neilan et al. [49] | 91 | Mean of 43 | A median of 88 months | Mean = 276 mg/m2 | No significant effect of gender on major adverse cardiac events |
Szmit et al. [47] | 208 | Median of 56 | After the last administered cycle of chemotherapy | 300–400 mg/m2 Median = 350 mg/m2 | Female sex was protective for left ventricular systolic dysfunction (OR = 0.324) |
Wang et al. [48] | 2285 | Mean of 53 | 193–1666 days | Doxorubicin 88–267 mg/m2 Epirubicin 100–295 mg/m2 Idarubicin 8–19 mg/m2 | Male gender hazard ratio of 1.84 for cardiac events (symptomatic heart failure or cardiac death) |