Fig. 1

Response of male and female osteoblasts isolated from human donors to microstructured Ti surfaces (PT, SLA, modSLA). Cell number was assessed to determine proliferation of cells, at confluence on TCPS (a). Alkaline phosphatase-specific activity was determined in cell lysates (b). Production of osteocalcin (c), osteoprotegerin (d), and active (e) and latent TGF-β1 (f) after 24-h fresh medium incubation. *p < 0.05,vs. TCPS; •p < 0.05, vs. PT; #p < 0.05, vs. Female cells