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Fig. 1 | Biology of Sex Differences

Fig. 1

From: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is suppressed by estrous-staged treatment and exogenous 17β-estradiol in female tumor-bearing spontaneously hypertensive rats

Fig. 1

Estrous stage-specific DOX treatment causes cycle irregularity in tumor-bearing SHRs. a Representative vaginal cytologic images of nucleated, cornified, and neutrophil cells collected from SHRs during each stage of the estrous cycle: proestrus (PRO), estrus (EST), metestrus (MET), and diestrus (DIE). b Representative line graph depiction of the estrous cycle for 13 days following a single injection of saline, DOX, and DOX + DRZ during proestrus, estrus, metestrus, or diestrus. The estrous stages were determined by vaginal cytology in five animals per stage per treatment. Arrow indicates the onset of a prolonged diestrus phase. c SST-2 tumor volume in SHRs following a single treatment of saline, DOX, and DOX + DRZ during proestrus, estrus, metestrus, or diestrus at the indicated times. The data points represent the mean ± SEM. (two-way ANOVA performed on day 13, n = 4–5 animals per stage per treatment, *p < 0.05 according to Tukey’s multiple comparison between treatments within the stage.) d The SHRs weight change at day 13 after a single treatment during a specific estrous stage. Percentage of weight change was calculated by a day 13 to day 0 (no treatments) weight ratio. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. (Two-way ANOVA, n = 4–5 animals per treatment per stage, *p < 0.05 according to Tukey’s multiple comparison between stages and treatments.) e Weight in grams of SHR following DOX treatment during each estrous stage. (Repeated measure two-way ANOVA per stage, n = 4–5 animals per group per treatment, *p < 0.05 according to Tukey’s multiple comparison between treatments, while #p < 0.05 between the indicated days of the DOX and DOX + DRZ-treated groups.) Results of analyses are listed in Additional file 2: Table S3 and S4

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