Table 1 Summary of included papers performing proper sex stratification in the same order as mentioned in the main text
From: Sex differences in cardiovascular epigenetics—a systematic review
Year | First author | CVD/risk factor | Epigenetics | Sample size (% male) | Technique | Tissue | Gene (if applicable) | Association | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | Mendelson | BMI | DNA methylation | 3743 (48%) | Illumina Infinium 450K | Whole blood | LGALS3BP (unannotated CpG) | Stronger for ♂ | [12] |
2011 | Cash | Factors associated with obesity and CVD | DNA methylation | 355 (25%) | Bisulphite into pyrosequencing | Lymphocytes | Global | More methylation in ♂ | [13] |
2013 | Guay | Blood lipid levels | DNA methylation | 98 (62%) | Bisulphite into pyrosequencing | Leukocytes | CETP | Stronger for ♂ | [14] |
2014 | Guay | Plasma lipid levels | DNA methylation | 98 (62%) | Bisulphite into pyrosequencing | Leukocytes | Multiple | [15] | |
2013 | Zhang | Metabolic syndrome | DNA methylation | 517 (41%) | EpiTYPER | Leukocytes | FABP3 | [16] | |
2013 | Johansson | Aging | DNA methylation | 421 (not specified) | Illumina Infinium 450K | Leukocytes | Epigenome-wide | [17] | |
2016 | Horvath | Aging | DNA methylation | 4535 (35%) | Illumina Infinium 450K | Blood/saliva/brain | Epigenome-wide | [18] | |
2014 | Soriano-Tárrago | Ischemic stroke | DNA methylation | 485 (62%) | LUMA | Whole blood | Global | Hypomethylation for ♂ | [19] |
2017 | Lin | Ischemic stroke | DNA methylation | 556 (48%) | Bisulphite into pyrosequencing | Whole blood | MMP2 | Only for ♂ | [20] |
2012 | Talens | Myocardial infarction | DNA methylation | 248 (52%) | Mass spectrometry | Leukocytes | INS, GNASAS | Only in MI samples of ♀ | [21] |
2013 | Jiang | Coronary heart disease | DNA methylation | 72 (50%) | Bisulphite into pyrosequencing | Whole blood | PLA2G7 | Only for ♀ | [22] |
2016 | Guo | Coronary artery disease | DNA methylation | 64 (56%) | Methylation-specific PCR | Whole blood | PTX3 | Only for ♂ | [23] |
2014 | Zhang | CVD mortality | DNA methylation | 3588 (44%) | MALDI-TOF | Whole blood | F2RL3 | Stronger for ♂ | [24] |