Fig. 5

Assessments of pain-like behaviors in naïve females and those with I/R injury. a Average guarding scores from the ipsilateral forelimb were increased at D1 in both naïve and I/R animals, but the greatly enhanced guarding behaviors in I/R persisted until the D5 measurements. b I/R evoked a substantial decrease in mechanical withdrawal threshold that was restored to naïve levels on D5. c Grip strength, an assessment of evoked muscle function, was also significantly decreased with I/R injury. d Both male and female mice display increased guarding behaviors at D1 after I/R, but males also show higher guarding scores than females at this time point. e Equally reduced mechanical thresholds are observed in male and female mice with I/R at D1. f I/R also causes a similar reduction in grip strength in male and female mice at D1. All data are represented as condition average ± error of the difference in means, where grip strength measurements are presented as individual percentage change from BL, and analysis was performed using two-way RM ANOVA with Holm-Sidak. *p < .05 between conditions, ** p < .01 between conditions, #p < 0.01 vs within condition BL